International
Tables for
Crystallography
Volume B
Reciprocal space
Edited by U. Shmueli

International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. B. ch. 2.1, pp. 205-206   | 1 | 2 |

## Section 2.1.8.4. A more complicated example

U. Shmuelia* and A. J. C. Wilsonb

aSchool of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69 978, Israel, and bSt John's College, Cambridge, England
Correspondence e-mail:  ushmueli@post.tau.ac.il

#### 2.1.8.4. A more complicated example

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We now illustrate the methodology of deriving characteristic functions for space groups of higher symmetries, following the method of Rabinovich et al. (1991a,b). The derivation is performed for the space group P [No. 174]. According to Table A1.4.3.6 , the real and imaginary parts of the normalized structure factor are given by and where Note that , i.e., one of these contributions depends on the other two; this is a recurring problem in calculations pertaining to trigonal and hexagonal systems. For brevity, we write directly the general form of the characteristic function from which the functional form of the Fourier coefficient can be readily obtained. The characteristic function is given by where , and the assumption of independence was used. If we further employ the assumption of uniformity, while remembering that the angular variables are not independent, the characteristic function can be written as where is the Fourier representation of the periodic delta function. Equation (2.1.8.34) then becomes If we change the variable to , becomes and . Hence The imaginary part of the summation, involving Bessel functions of odd orders, vanishes upon integration and the latter is restricted to the positive quadrant in . Thus, upon replacing cosines by sines (this is permissible at this stage) the atomic contribution to the characteristic function becomes and a double Fourier series must be used for the p.d.f.

### References

Rabinovich, S., Shmueli, U., Stein, Z., Shashua, R. & Weiss, G. H. (1991a). Exact random-walk models in crystallographic statistics. VI. P.d.f.'s of for all plane groups and most space groups. Acta Cryst. A47, 328–335.Google Scholar
Rabinovich, S., Shmueli, U., Stein, Z., Shashua, R. & Weiss, G. H. (1991b). Exact random-walk models in crystallographic statistics. VII. An all-space-group study of the effects of atomic heterogeneity on the p.d.f.'s of . Acta Cryst. A47, 336–340.Google Scholar