International
Tables for
Crystallography
Volume C
Mathematical, physical and chemical tables
Edited by E. Prince

International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. C. ch. 2.3, pp. 70-71

Section 2.3.4.2. Focusing cameras (Guinier)

W. Parrisha and J. I. Langfordb

a IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA, and bSchool of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England

2.3.4.2. Focusing cameras (Guinier)

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The Guinier camera (Guinier, 1937[link], 1946[link]; Guinier & Dexter, 1963[link]) uses a high-quality asymmetric focusing monochromator and cylindrical camera with a thin transmission specimen, Fig. 2.3.4.1(c)[link]. The film must be placed at the focal point of the monochromator, which can be adjusted to reflect only the Kα1 line. When the camera is in the position shown, the angular range is larger on one side of the film than the other (asymmetric setting). If the camera is placed so that the rays from the monochromator are along the camera diameter, the angular range is the same on both sides of the 0° point (symmetric setting) and the usable range is about 60°2θ. The sharpest lines are obtained when the rays are nearly normal to the film. The lines are broadened by inclination of the rays to the film, axial divergence, and specimen thickness. The camera can also be used with the specimen in reflection so that it becomes a Seemann–Bohlin camera with only the back reflections accessible [Fig. 2.3.4.1(d)[link]]. Hofmann & Jagodzinski (1955[link]) designed a double camera in a single body that can record transmission and reflection patterns on separate films.

de Wolff (1948[link]) described a novel Guinier-type camera that can simultaneously record up to four patterns of different specimens on one film with a single monochromator and long fine-focus X-ray tube. The patterns are separated by horizontal partitions. There are some differences in the line widths in the top and bottom patterns. Malmros & Werner (1973[link]) developed an automated film-measuring densitometer to improve the precision in measuring the Guinier films; see also Sonneveld & Visser (1975[link]).

References

First citation Guinier, A. (1937). Arrangement for obtaining intense diffraction diagrams of crystalline powders with monochromatic radiation. C. R. Acad. Sci. 204, 1115–1116.Google Scholar
First citation Guinier, A. (1946). Sur les monochromateurs à cristal courbé. C. R. Acad. Sci. 223, 31–32.Google Scholar
First citation Guinier, A. & Dexter, D. L. (1963). X-ray studies of materials. New York: Interscience.Google Scholar
First citation Hofmann, E. G. & Jagodzinski, H. (1955). Eine neue, hochauflösende Röntgenfeinstruktur-Anlage mit verbessertem, fokussierendem Monochromator und Feinfokusröhe. Z. Metallkd. 46, 601–609.Google Scholar
First citation Malmros, G. & Werner, P. E. (1973). Automatic densitometer measurement of powder diffraction photographs. Acta Chem. Scand. 27, 493–502.Google Scholar
First citation Sonneveld, E. J. & Visser, J. W. (1975). Automatic collection of powder data from photographs. J. Appl. Cryst. 8, 1–7.Google Scholar
First citation Wolff, P. M. de (1948). Multiple Guinier cameras. Acta Cryst. 1, 207–211.Google Scholar








































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