Introduction

Creagh, D. C.; Hubbell, J. H.

doi:10.1107/97809553602060000592

International
Tables for
Crystallography
Volume C
Mathematical, physical and chemical tables
Edited by E. Prince

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International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. C. ch. 4.2, pp. 220-221

Section 4.2.4.1. Introduction

D. C. Creagh^b and J. H. Hubbell^d

4.2.4.1. Introduction

| top | pdf |

This data set is intended to supersede those data sets given in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, Vols. III (Koch, MacGillavry & Milledge, 1962) and IV (Hubbell, McMaster, Del Grande & Mallett, 1974).

It is not intended here to give a detailed bibliography of experimental data that have been obtained in the past 90 years. This has been the subject of a number of publications, e.g. Saloman & Hubbell (1987), Hubbell, Gerstenberg & Saloman (1986), Saloman & Hubbell (1986), and Saloman, Hubbell & Scofield (1988). Further commentary on the validity and the quality of the experimental data in existing tabulations has been given by Creagh & Hubbell (1987) and Creagh (1987a).

Existing tabulations of X-ray attenuation (or absorption) cross sections fall into three distinct categories: purely theoretical, purely experimental, and an evaluated mixture of theoretical and experimental data.

Compilations of the purely theoretically derived data exist for:

photo-effect absorption cross sections (Storm & Israel, 1970; Cromer & Liberman, 1970; Scofield, 1973; Hubbell, Veigele, Briggs, Brown, Cromer & Howerton, 1975; Band, Kharitonov & Trzhaskovskaya, 1979; Yeh & Lindau, 1985);
Compton scattering cross sections (Hubbell et al., 1975);
Rayleigh scattering cross sections (Hubbell et al., 1975; Hubbell & Øverbø, 1979; Schaupp, Schumacher, Smend, Rullhusen & Hubbell, 1983).

Many purely experimental compilations exist, and the cross-section data given in computer programs used in the analysis of results in X-ray-fluorescence spectroscopy, electron-probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction are usually (evaluated) compilations of several of the following compilations: Allen (1935, 1969), Victoreen (1949), Liebhafsky, Pfeiffer, Winslow & Zemany (1960), Koch et al. (1962), Heinrich (1966), Theisen & Vollath (1967), Veigele (1973), Leroux & Thinh (1977), Montenegro, Baptista & Duarte (1978), and Plechaty, Cullen & Howerton (1981). If a comparison is made between these data sets, significant discrepancies are found, and questions must be asked concerning the reliability of the data sets that are compared. Jackson & Hawkes (1981) and Gerward (1986) have produced sets of parametric tables to simplify the application of X-ray attenuation data for the solution of problems in computer-aided tomography and X-ray-fluorescence analysis.

Compilations by Henke, Lee, Tanaka, Shimambukuro & Fujikawa (1982) and the earlier tables of McMaster, Del Grande, Mallett & Hubbell (1969/1970) are examples of the judicious application of both theoretical and experimental data to produce a comprehensive data set of X-ray interaction cross sections.

Because of the discrepancies that appear to exist between experimental data sets, the IUCr Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus set up a project to establish which, if any, of the existing methods for measuring X-ray interaction cross sections (X-ray attenuation coefficients) and which theoretical calculations could be considered to be the most reliable. A discussion of some of the major results of this project is given in Section 4.2.3. A more detailed description of this project has been given by Creagh & Hubbell (1987, 1990).

In this section, tabulations of the total X-ray interaction cross sections σ and the mass absorption coefficient $[\mu_m]$ are given for a range of characteristic X-ray wavelengths [Ti Kα 2.7440 Å (or 4.509 keV) to Ag Kβ 0.4470 Å (or 24.942 keV)]. The interaction cross sections are expressed in units of barns/atom (1 barn = 10⁻²⁸ m²) whilst the mass absorption coefficient is given in cm² g⁻¹. Table 4.2.4.1 sets out the wavelengths of the characteristic wavelengths used in Tables 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3, which list values of σ and $[\mu_m]$ , respectively.

Table 4.2.4.1| top | pdf |
Table of wavelengths and energies for the characteristic radiations used in Tables 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3

Radiation	λ (Å)	E (keV)
Ag $[K \bar \alpha]$	0.5608	22.103
Ag $[K \beta _1]$	0.4970	24.942
Pd $[K \bar \alpha]$	0.5869	21.125
Pd $[K \beta _1]$	0.5205	23.819
Rh $[K \bar \alpha]$	0.6147	20.169
Rh $[K \beta _1]$	0.5456	22.724
Mo $[K \bar \alpha]$	0.7107	17.444
Mo $[K \beta _1]$	0.6323	19.608
Zn $[K \bar \alpha]$	1.4364	8.631
Zn $[K \beta _1]$	1.2952	9.572
Cu $[K \bar \alpha]$	1.5418	8.041
Cu $[K \beta _1]$	1.3922	8.905
Ni $[K \bar \alpha]$	1.6591	7.472
Ni $[K \beta _1]$	1.5001	8.265
Co $[K \bar \alpha]$	1.7905	6.925
Co $[K \beta _1]$	1.6208	7.629
Fe $[K \bar \alpha]$	1.9373	6.400
Fe $[K \beta _1]$	1.7565	7.038
Mn $[K \bar \alpha]$	2.1031	5.895
Mn $[K \beta _1]$	1.9102	6.490
Cr $[K \bar \alpha]$	2.2909	5.412
Cr $[K \beta _1]$	2.0848	5.947
Ti $[K \bar \alpha]$	2.7496	4.509
Ti $[K \beta _1]$	2.5138	4.932

Table 4.2.4.2| top | pdf |
Total phonon interaction cross section (barns/atom)

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Hydrogen	Helium	Lithium	Beryllium	Boron	Carbon	Nitrogen	Oxygen
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	6.10E−01	1.26E+00	2.01E+00	2.97E+00	4.40E+00	6.59E+00	1.00E+01	1.52E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	6.10E−01	1.26E+00	2.01E+00	2.99E+00	4.44E+00	6.68E+00	1.02E+01	1.55E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	6.12E−01	1.27E+00	2.04E+00	3.06E+00	4.47E+00	6.78E+00	1.05E+01	1.62E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	6.14E−01	1.28E+00	2.06E+00	3.13E+00	4.79E+00	7.45E+00	1.17E+01	1.82E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	6.16E−01	1.29E+00	2.09E+00	3.23E+00	5.05E+00	8.02E+00	1.28E+01	2.02E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	6.18E−01	1.30E+00	2.13E+00	3.35E+00	5.35E+00	8.68E+00	1.41E+01	2.25E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	6.19E−01	1.31E+00	2.16E+00	3.42E+00	5.56E+00	9.14E+00	1.50E+01	2.41E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	6.24E−01	1.34E+00	2.28E+00	3.83E+00	6.61E+00	1.15E+01	1.96E+01	3.25E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	6.47E−01	1.69E+00	4.19E+00	1.07E+01	2.54E+01	5.37E+01	1.03E+02	1.80E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	6.50E−01	1.78E+00	4.74E+00	1.28E+01	3.10E+01	6.64E+01	1.27E+02	2.24E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	6.51E−01	1.82E+00	5.02E+00	1.38E+01	3.39E+01	7.28E+01	1.40E+02	2.46E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	6.53E−01	1.89E+00	5.46E+00	1.54E+01	3.83E+01	8.28E+01	1.59E+02	2.80E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	8.041E−03	6.55E−01	1.94E+00	5.76E+00	1.66E+01	4.15E+01	8.99E+01	1.73E+02	3.04E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	6.58E−01	2.04E+00	6.40E+00	1.90E+01	4.80E+01	1.04E+02	2.01E+02	3.54E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	7.472E−03	6.59E−01	2.09E+00	6.73E+00	2.02E+01	5.14E+01	1.12E+02	2.16E+02	3.80E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	6.63E−01	2.23E+00	7.65E+00	2.37E+01	6.09E+01	1.33E+02	2.57E+02	4.51E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	6.925E−03	6.64E−01	2.28E+00	7.99E+00	2.50E+01	6.45E+01	1.41E+02	2.72E+02	4.78E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	6.69E−01	2.48E+00	9.34E+00	3.01E+01	7.84E+01	1.72E+02	3.31E+02	5.81E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	6.400E−03	6.70E−01	2.53E+00	9.67E+00	3.13E+01	8.18E+01	1.79E+02	3.46E+02	6.06E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	6.77E−01	2.83E+00	1.16E+01	3.88E+01	1.02E+02	2.24E+02	4.32E+02	7.56E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	5.895E−03	6.78E−01	2.87E+00	1.19E+01	3.99E+01	1.05E+02	2.30E+02	4.44E+02	7.76E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	5.412E−03	6.89E−01	3.31E+00	1.50E+01	5.14E+01	1.36E+02	2.99E+02	5.75E+02	1.00E+03
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	7.04E−01	3.94E+00	1.94E+01	6.82E+01	1.81E+02	3.98E+02	7.62E+02	1.33E+03
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha}]$	4.509E−03	7.24E−01	4.73E+00	2.51E+01	8.97E+01	2.39E+02	5.23E+02	1.00E+03	1.73E+03

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Fluorine	Neon	Sodium	Magnesium	Aluminium	Silicon	Phosphorus	Sulfur
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.27E+01	3.33E+01	4.77E+01	6.68E+01	9.16E+01	1.23E+02	1.62E+02	2.10E+02
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.32E+01	3.40E+01	4.88E+01	6.85E+01	9.40E+01	1.26E+02	1.67E+02	2.16E+02
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	2.50E+01	3.62E+01	5.07E+01	8.26E+01	1.05E+02	1.40E+02	1.85E+02	2.02E+02
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	2.77E+01	4.12E+01	5.96E+01	8.42E+01	1.16E+02	1.56E+02	2.06E+02	2.67E+02
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.11E+01	4.65E+01	6.75E+01	9.55E+01	1.32E+02	1.78E+02	2.35E+02	3.05E+02
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.50E+01	5.26E+01	7.67E+01	1.09E+02	1.51E+02	2.03E+02	2.69E+02	3.49E+02
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	3.76E+01	5.68E+01	5.30E+01	1.18E+02	1.63E+02	2.20E+02	2.92E+02	3.78E+02
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	5.15E+01	7.86E+01	1.16E+02	1.65E+02	2.29E+02	3.10E+02	4.10E+02	5.32E+02
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	2.95E+02	4.57E+02	6.77E+02	9.67E+02	1.34E+03	1.79E+03	2.36E+03	3.03E+03
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	3.66E+02	5.67E+02	8.39E+02	1.20E+03	1.65E+03	2.21E+03	2.90E+03	3.72E+03
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	4.02E+02	6.22E+02	9.20E+02	1.31E+03	1.81E+03	2.42E+03	3.17E+03	4.06E+03
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	4.58E+02	7.08E+02	1.05E+03	1.49E+03	2.05E+03	2.75E+03	3.59E+03	4.60E+03
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	4.98E+02	7.68E+02	1.14E+03	1.61E+03	2.22E+03	2.97E+03	3.88E+03	4.97E+03
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	5.78E+02	8.92E+02	1.32E+03	1.87E+03	2.57E+03	3.43E+03	4.48E+03	5.72E+03
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	6.20E+02	9.56E+02	1.41E+03	2.00E+03	2.75E+03	3.67E+03	4.78E+03	6.11E+03
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	7.36E+02	1.13E+03	1.67E+03	2.36E+03	3.24E+03	4.32E+03	5.62E+03	7.17E+03
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	7.79E+02	1.20E+03	1.76E+03	2.50E+03	3.42E+03	4.56E+03	5.93E+03	7.56E+03
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	9.46E+02	1.45E+03	2.13E+03	3.02E+03	4.13E+03	5.49E+03	7.12E+03	9.06E+03
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	9.86E+02	1.51E+03	2.22E+03	3.14E+03	4.29E+03	5.71E+03	7.41E+03	9.42E+03
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.23E+03	1.88E+03	2.75E+03	3.88E+03	5.30E+03	7.03E+03	9.10E+03	1.15E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.26E+03	1.93E+03	2.83E+03	3.98E+03	5.43E+03	7.20E+03	9.33E+03	1.18E+04
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	1.62E+03	2.48E+03	3.62E+03	5.09E+03	6.93E+03	9.16E+03	1.18E+04	1.50E+04
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	2.14E+03	3.26E+03	4.74E+03	6.64E+03	9.01E+03	1.19E+04	1.53E+04	1.93E+04
Ti K $[\bar{\alpha}]$	4.509E−03	2.79E+03	4.23E+03	6.13E+03	8.57E+03	1.16E+04	1.52E+04	1.95E+04	2.45E+04

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Chlorine	Argon	Potassium	Calcium	Scandium	Titanium	Vanadium	Chromium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.68E+02	3.36E+02	4.17E+02	5.12E+02	6.20E+02	7.44E+02	8.85E+02	1.04E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.75E+02	3.45E+02	4.29E+02	5.26E+02	6.37E+02	7.64E+02	9.09E+02	1.07E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	3.15E+02	3.84E+02	4.84E+02	6.30E+02	7.25E+02	8.63E+02	9.98E+02	1.19E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	3.41E+02	4.29E+02	5.32E+02	6.52E+02	7.89E+02	9.47E+02	1.12E+03	1.33E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.89E+02	4.89E+02	6.06E+02	7.42E+02	8.99E+02	1.08E+03	1.28E+03	1.51E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	4.45E+02	5.59E+02	6.93E+02	8.48E+02	1.03E+03	1.23E+03	1.46E+03	1.72E+03
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	4.83E+02	6.06E+02	7.52E+02	9.20E+02	1.11E+03	1.33E+03	1.58E+03	1.86E+03
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	6.78E+02	8.51E+02	1.05E+03	1.29E+03	1.56E+03	1.86E+03	2.20E+03	2.58E+03
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	3.82E+03	4.74E+03	5.80E+03	7.02E+03	8.38E+03	9.93E+03	1.16E+04	1.33E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	4.68E+03	5.80E+03	7.09E+03	8.57E+03	1.02E+04	1.21E+04	1.41E+04	1.60E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	5.11E+03	6.34E+03	7.73E+03	9.34E+03	1.11E+04	1.32E+04	1.53E+04	1.73E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	5.78E+03	7.15E+03	8.72E+03	1.05E+04	1.25E+04	1.48E+04	1.72E+04	1.96E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	6.24E+03	7.72E+03	9.40E+03	1.13E+04	1.35E+04	1.39E+04	1.85E+04	2.13E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	7.17E+03	8.86E+03	1.08E+04	1.30E+04	1.54E+04	1.80E+04	2.11E+04	2.53E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	7.66E+03	9.46E+03	1.15E+04	1.38E+04	1.64E+04	1.91E+04	2.25E+04	2.74E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	8.97E+03	1.11E+04	1.34E+04	1.61E+04	1.91E+04	2.20E+04	2.62E+04	3.32E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	9.46E+03	1.17E+04	1.41E+04	1.69E+04	2.01E+04	2.31E+04	2.75E+04	3.53E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.13E+04	1.39E+04	1.69E+04	2.01E+04	2.39E+04	2.74E+04	3.26E+04	4.15E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	1.18E+04	1.44E+04	1.75E+04	2.09E+04	2.47E+04	2.85E+04	3.37E+04	4.25E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.44E+04	1.76E+04	2.13E+04	2.54E+04	3.01E+04	3.53E+04	4.05E+04	5.79E+03
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.47E+04	1.80E+04	2.18E+04	2.60E+04	3.08E+04	3.63E+04	4.14E+04	5.93E+03
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	1.86E+04	2.27E+04	2.74E+04	3.26E+04	3.85E+04	4.69E+04	6.32E+03	7.50E+03
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	2.38E+04	2.91E+04	3.49E+04	4.15E+04	4.87E+04	6.79E+03	8.16E+03	9.68E+03
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	3.01E+04	3.69E+04	4.41E+04	5.20E+04	6.03E+04	8.68E+03	1.04E+04	1.24E+04

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Manganese	Iron	Cobalt	Nickel	Copper	Zinc	Gallium	Germanium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.22E+03	1.42E+03	1.64E+03	1.88E+03	2.14E+03	2.43E+03	2.74E+03	3.08E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.25E+03	1.46E+03	1.68E+03	1.93E+03	2.20E+03	2.49E+03	2.81E+03	3.16E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	1.37E+03	1.65E+03	1.89E+03	2.19E+03	2.49E+03	2.88E+03	3.21E+03	3.55E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	1.55E+03	1.80E+03	2.07E+03	2.38E+03	2.71E+03	3.07E+03	3.46E+03	3.87E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.76E+03	2.04E+03	2.35E+03	2.70E+03	3.07E+03	3.47E+03	3.91E+03	4.38E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	2.01E+03	2.33E+03	2.68E+03	3.07E+03	3.49E+03	3.95E+03	4.44E+03	4.97E+03
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	2.17E+03	2.52E+03	2.90E+03	3.31E+03	3.77E+03	4.26E+03	4.80E+03	5.37E+03
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	3.02E+03	3.49E+03	4.01E+03	4.57E+03	5.18E+03	5.86E+03	6.60E+03	7.38E+03
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.55E+04	1.78E+04	2.02E+04	2.27E+04	2.53E+04	3.90E+03	4.46E+03	5.08E+03
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.88E+04	2.15E+04	2.43E+04	2.72E+04	4.13E+03	4.75E+03	5.44E+03	6.19E+03
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	2.05E+04	2.34E+04	2.63E+04	2.94E+04	4.50E+03	5.18E+03	5.92E+03	6.75E+03
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.29E+04	2.61E+04	2.93E+04	4.41E+03	5.07E+03	5.83E+03	6.67E+03	7.60E+03
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	2.46E+04	2.80E+04	3.14E+04	4.76E+03	5.47E+03	6.29E+03	7.19E+03	8.19E+03
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	2.80E+04	3.17E+04	4.71E+03	5.46E+03	6.27E+03	7.21E+03	8.24E+03	9.38E+03
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	2.97E+04	3.35E+04	5.02E+03	5.82E+03	6.68E+03	7.68E+03	8.79E+03	1.00E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.42E+04	5.04E+03	5.87E+03	6.80E+03	7.81E+03	8.98E+03	1.03E+04	1.17E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.58E+04	5.31E+03	6.18E+03	7.16E+03	8.23E+03	9.46E+03	1.08E+04	1.23E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.40E+03	6.34E+03	7.39E+03	8.56E+03	9.83E+03	1.13E+04	1.29E+04	1.47E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	5.62E+03	6.59E+03	7.68E+03	8.89E+03	1.02E+04	1.17E+04	1.34E+04	1.53E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	6.87E+03	8.06E+03	9.40E+03	1.09E+04	1.25E+04	1.43E+04	1.64E+04	1.86E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	7.04E+03	8.26E+03	9.62E+03	1.11E+04	1.28E+04	1.47E+04	1.68E+04	1,91E+04
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	8.90E+03	1.04E+04	1.22E+04	1.41E+04	1.61E+04	1.85E+04	2.12E+04	2.41E+04
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.15E+04	1.35E+04	1.57E+04	1.81E+04	2.08E+04	2.39E+04	2.72E+04	3.09E+04
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.47E+04	1.72E+04	2.00E+04	2.31E+04	2.65E+04	3.04E+04	3.46E+04	3.93E+04

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Arsenic	Selenium	Bromine	Krypton	Rubidium	Strontium	Yttrium	Zirconium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	3.44E+03	3.84E+03	4.26E+03	4.72E+03	5.21E+03	5.72E+03	6.25E+03	6.79E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	3.53E+03	3.94E+03	4.37E+03	4.84E+03	5.34E+03	5.86E+03	6.41E+03	6.96E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	4.04E+03	4.53E+03	5.00E+03	5.50E+03	5.98E+03	6.48E+03	7.27E+03	7.80E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	4.33E+03	4.82E+03	5.35E+03	5.92E+03	6.52E+03	7.15E+03	7.80E+03	8.47E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	4.89E+03	5.45E+03	6.04E+03	6.68E+03	7.35E+03	8.06E+03	8.79E+03	9.52E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	5.55E+03	6.18E+03	6.83E+03	7.55E+03	8.30E+03	9.09E+03	9.90E+03	1.07E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	5.99E+03	6.66E+03	7.36E+03	8.13E+03	8.94E+03	9.78E+03	1.06E+04	1.15E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	8.22E+03	9.11E+03	1.00E+04	1.10E+04	1.21E+04	1.32E+04	1.43E+04	2.47E+03
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	5.77E+03	6.52E+03	7.34E+03	8.24E+03	9.21E+03	1.03E+04	1.14E+04	1.26E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	7.03E+03	7.94E+03	8.94E+03	1.00E+04	1.12E+04	1.25E+04	1.39E+04	1.54E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	7.65E+03	8.64E+03	9.73E+03	1.09E+04	1.22E+04	1.36E+04	1.51E+04	1.67E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	8.62E+03	9.73E+03	1.10E+04	1.23E+04	1.37E+04	1.53E+04	1.70E+04	1.88E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	9.29E+03	1.05E+04	1.18E+04	1.32E+04	1.48E+04	1.65E+04	1.83E+04	2.03E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.06E+04	1.20E+04	1.35E+04	1.52E+04	1.69E+04	1.89E+04	2.09E+04	2.32E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.13E+04	1.28E+04	1.44E+04	1.61E+04	1.80E+04	2.01E+04	2.23E+04	2.47E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.32E+04	1.49E+04	1.68E+04	1.88E+04	2.10E+04	2.34E+04	2.60E+04	2.87E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.39E+04	1.57E+04	1.77E+04	1.98E+04	2.22E+04	2.47E+04	2.73E+04	3.02E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.66E+04	1.88E+04	2.11E+04	2.36E+04	2.64E+04	2.94E+04	3.26E+04	3.60E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	1.73E+04	1.95E+04	2.19E+04	2.45E+04	2.74E+04	3.05E+04	3.38E+04	3.74E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	2.11E+04	2.38E+04	2.67E+04	2.99E+04	3.34E+04	3.72E+04	4.12E+04	4.55E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	2.16E+04	2.44E+04	2.74E+04	3.07E+04	3.42E+04	3.81E+04	4.22E+04	4.66E+04
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	2.72E+04	3.07E+04	3.45E+04	3.85E+04	4.30E+04	4.78E+04	5.29E+04	5.84E+04
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	3.50E+04	3.94E+04	4.42E+04	4.94E+04	5.51E+04	6.12E+04	6.77E+04	7.47E+04
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	4.44E+04	5.00E+04	5.61E+04	6.27E+04	6.98E+04	7.75E+04	8.56E+04	9.43E+04

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Niobium	Molybdenum	Technetium	Ruthenium	Rhodium	Palladium	Silver	Cadmium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	7.41E+03	9.36E+03	8.65E+03	9.33E+03	1.00E+04	1.00E+04	2.00E+03	2.18E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	7.59E+03	9.61E+03	8.86E+03	9.56E+03	1.03E+04	1.88E+03	2.05E+03	2.23E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	8.57E+03	9.30E+03	9.95E+03	1.07E+04	1.18E+03	2.10E+03	2.29E+03	2.49E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	9.22E+03	1.15E+04	1.07E+04	1.92E+03	2.10E+03	2.30E+03	2.51E+03	2.73E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.04E+04	1.23E+04	1.20E+04	2.17E+03	2.38E+03	2.60E+03	2.84E+03	3.09E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.16E+04	1.27E+04	2.24E+03	2.46E+03	2.70E+03	2.94E+03	3.21E+03	3.50E+03
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	1.25E+04	2.19E+03	2.42E+03	2.65E+03	2.91E+03	3.18E+03	3.47E+03	3.78E+03
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	2.73E+03	3.00E+03	3.32E+03	3.64E+03	3.99E+03	4.36E+03	4.76E+03	5.18E+03
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.40E+04	1.54E+04	1.69E+04	1.85E+04	2.02E+04	2.21E+04	2.40E+04	2.61E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.70E+04	1.87E+04	2.05E+04	2.25E+04	2.45E+04	2.67E+04	2.91E+04	3.16E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.85E+04	2.03E+04	2.23E+04	2.44E+04	2.67E+04	2.91E+04	3.16E+04	3.44E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.07E+04	2.28E+04	2.51E+04	2.74E+04	3.00E+04	3.27E+04	3.55E+04	3.86E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	2.23E+04	2.46E+04	2.70E+04	2.95E+04	3.23E+04	3.52E+04	3.82E+04	4.15E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	2.55E+04	2.81E+04	3.08E+04	3.37E+04	3.68E+04	4.01E+04	4.36E+04	4.73E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	2.72E+04	2.99E+04	3.28E+04	3.59E+04	3.92E+04	4.27E+04	4.64E+04	5.03E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.17E+04	3.48E+04	3.82E+04	4.18E+04	4.56E+04	4.96E+04	5.39E+04	5.84E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.33E+04	3.66E+04	4.02E+04	4.39E+04	4.79E+04	5.21E+04	5.66E+04	6.14E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	3.96E+04	4.36E+04	4.77E+04	5.22E+04	5.69E+04	6.19E+04	6.72E+04	7.28E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	4.12E+04	4.52E+04	4.95E+04	5.42E+04	5.91E+04	6.42E+04	6.97E+04	7.55E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	5.01E+04	5.50E+04	6.02E+04	6.58E+04	7.17E+04	7.79E+04	8.45E+04	9.15E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	5.13E+04	5.63E+04	6.16E+04	6.73E+04	7.34E+04	7.97E+04	8.64E+04	9.36E+04
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	6.42E+04	7.05E+04	7.71E+04	8.41E+04	9.16E+04	9.94E+04	1.08E+05	1.17E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	8.21E+04	8.99E+04	9.83E+04	1.07E+05	1.17E+05	1.27E+05	1.37E+05	1.48E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.04E+05	1.13E+05	1.24E+05	1.35E+05	1.47E+05	1.59E+05	1.72E+05	1.86E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Indium	Tin	Antimony	Tellurium	Iodine	Xenon	Caesium	Barium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.37E+03	2.57E+03	2.79E+03	3.02E+03	3.26E+03	3.52E+03	3.79E+03	4.08E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.43E+03	2.64E+03	2.86E+03	3.09E+03	3.34E+03	3.61E+03	3.89E+03	4.18E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	2.64E+03	3.00E+03	3.20E+03	3.50E+03	3.71E+03	4.04E+03	4.04E+03	4.76E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	2.97E+03	3.23E+03	3.50E+03	3.78E+03	4.09E+03	4.41E+03	4.75E+03	5.11E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.36E+03	3.65E+03	3.95E+03	4.28E+03	4.62E+03	4.98E+03	5.37E+03	5.78E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.81E+03	4.13E+03	4.48E+03	4.85E+03	5.24E+03	5.65E+03	6.09E+03	6.55E+03
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	4.11E+03	4.46E+03	4.84E+03	5.23E+03	5.65E+03	6.09E+03	6.57E+03	7.06E+03
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	5.63E+03	6.11E+03	6.62E+03	7.16E+03	7.73E+03	8.34E+03	8.98E+03	9.65E+03
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	2.83E+04	3.06E+04	3.31E+04	3.57E+04	3.84E+04	4.13E+04	4.44E+04	4.76E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	3.43E+04	3.71E+04	4.00E+04	4.32E+04	4.64E+04	4.99E+04	5.36E+04	5.74E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	3.72E+04	4.03E+04	4.35E+04	4.69E+04	5.04E+04	5.42E+04	5.81E+04	6.23E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	4.18E+04	4.52E+04	4.88E+04	5.25E+04	5.65E+04	6.07E+04	6.51E+04	6.98E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	4.50E+04	4.86E+04	5.25E+04	5.65E+04	6.07E+04	6.52E+04	7.00E+04	7.50E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	5.12E+04	5.54E+04	5.98E+04	6.43E+04	6.92E+04	7.42E+04	7.96E+04	8.52E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	5.45E+04	5.89E+04	6.35E+04	6.84E+04	7.35E+04	7.88E+04	8.45E+04	9.04E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	6.32E+04	6.83E+04	7.37E+04	7.94E+04	8.52E+04	9.14E+04	9.77E+04	1.04E+05
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	6.64E+04	7.18E+04	7.74E+04	8.34E+04	8.96E+04	9.60E+04	1.03E+05	1.09E+05
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	7.87E+04	8.50E+04	9.17E+04	9.88E+04	1.06E+05	1.13E+05	1.21E+05	1.29E+05
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	8.17E+04	8.82E+04	9.51E+04	1.02E+05	1.10E+05	1.18E+05	1.26E+05	1.34E+05
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	9.90E+04	1.07E+05	1.15E+05	1.24E+05	1.33E+05	1.42E+05	1.60E+05	1.47E+05
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.01E+05	1.09E+05	1.18E+05	1.27E+05	1.36E+05	1.45E+05	1.63E+05	1.50E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	1.26E+05	1.36E+05	1.46E+05	1.57E+05	1.68E+05	1.57E+05	1.77E+05	1.34E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.60E+05	1.73E+05	1.85E+05	1.98E+05	2.11E+05	2.48E+05	5.70E+04	7.16E+04
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	2.00E+05	2.15E+05	2.00E+05	1.60E+05	6.17E+04	5.78E+04	7.28E+04	7.62E+04

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Lanthanum	Cerium	Praseodymium	Neodymium	Promethium	Samarium	Europium	Gadolinium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	3.97E+03	4.26E+03	4.56E+03	4.89E+03	5.22E+03	5.57E+03	5.93E+03	6.32E+03
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	4.05E+03	4.82E+03	5.15E+03	5.51E+03	5.90E+03	6.29E+03	6.71E+03	7.15E+03
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	5.10E+03	5.47E+03	5.85E+03	6.25E+03	6.69E+03	7.14E+03	7.59E+03	8.09E+03
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	5.49E+03	5.89E+03	6.29E+03	6.73E+03	7.20E+03	7.69E+03	8.17E+03	8.72E+03
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	6.20E+03	6.63E+03	7.11E+03	7.62E+03	8.14E+03	8.69E+03	9.23E+03	9.84E+03
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	7.03E+03	7.69E+03	8.07E+03	8.62E+03	9.22E+03	9.84E+03	1.05E+04	1.11E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	7.59E+03	8.12E+03	8.70E+03	9.29E+03	9.94E+03	1.06E+04	1.13E+04	1.20E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.04E+04	1.11E+04	1.19E+04	1.27E+04	1.36E+04	1.44E+04	1.54E+04	1.63E+04
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	5.10E+04	5.42E+04	5.78E+04	6.15E+04	6.57E+04	6.97E+04	9.93E+04	7.83E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	6.14E+04	6.56E+04	7.00E+04	7.42E+04	7.90E+04	8.36E+04	8.88E+04	9.40E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	6.67E+04	7.12E+04	7.58E+04	8.04E+04	8.44E+04	9.06E+04	9.59E+04	1.02E+05
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	7.47E+04	7.96E+04	8.49E+04	9.00E+04	9.56E+04	1.01E+05	1.07E+05	9.84E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	8.03E+04	8.56E+04	9.12E+04	9.68E+04	1.03E+05	1.08E+05	1.02E+05	1.05E+05
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	9.11E+04	9.70E+04	1.03E+05	1.09E+05	1.16E+05	1.07E+05	1.21E+05	8.75E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	9.68E+04	1.03E+05	1.09E+05	1.16E+05	1.23E+05	1.14E+05	8.70E+04	9.29E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.11E+05	1.19E+05	1.26E+05	1.18E+05	1.22E+05	9.56E+04	1.03E+05	3.99E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.17E+05	1.24E+05	1.32E+05	1.21E+05	9.63E+04	9.89E+04	4.04E+04	4.20E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.38E+05	1.27E+05	1.39E+05	1.05E+05	1.13E+05	4.39E+04	4.67E+04	4.93E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	1.43E+05	1.31E+05	1.02E+05	1.09E+05	4.19E+04	4.59E+04	4.87E+04	5.09E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.48E+05	1.15E+05	1.22E+05	4.74E+04	5.01E+04	5.52E+04	5.65E+04	6.14E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.50E+05	1.19E+05	4.52E+04	4.86E+04	5.18E+04	5.64E+04	6.03E+04	6.29E+04
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	5.19E+04	5.54E+04	5.57E+04	6.01E+04	6.43E+04	6.97E+04	7.54E+04	7.78E+04
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	6.55E+04	6.98E+04	7.02E+04	7.52E+04	8.11E+04	8.74E+04	9.34E+04	9.76E+04
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	8.19E+04	8.31E+04	8.77E+04	9.51E+04	1.02E+05	1.09E+05	1.16E+05	1.22E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Terbium	Dysprosium	Holmium	Erbium	Thulium	Ytterbium	Lutetium	Hafnium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	6.66E+03	7.15E+03	7.59E+03	8.05E+03	8.52E+03	9.02E+03	9.53E+03	1.01E+04
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	7.52E+03	8.07E+03	8.57E+03	9.08E+03	9.62E+03	1.02E+04	1.08E+04	1.14E+04
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	8.15E+03	9.15E+03	9.69E+03	1.03E+04	1.08E+04	1.15E+04	1.22E+04	1.29E+04
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	9.16E+03	9.85E+03	1.01E+04	1.11E+04	1.17E+04	1.24E+04	1.31E+04	1.38E+04
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.03E+04	1.11E+04	1.18E+04	1.25E+04	1.32E+04	1.40E+04	1.48E+04	1.56E+04
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.17E+04	1.26E+04	1.33E+04	1.41E+04	1.50E+04	1.58E+04	1.67E+04	1.76E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	1.26E+04	1.35E+04	1.43E+04	1.52E+04	1.61E+04	1.70E+04	1.80E+04	1.90E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.72E+04	1.84E+04	1.95E+04	2.07E+04	2.19E+04	2.31E+04	2.44E+04	2.57E+04
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	8.20E+04	8.74E+04	9.20E+04	8.53E+04	6.59E+04	6.90E+04	7.26E+04	7.70E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	9.87E+04	9.31E+04	7.17E+04	7.42E+04	8.27E+04	3.10E+04	3.52E+04	3.56E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	9.29E+04	1.02E+05	7.78E+04	7.97E+04	3.28E+04	3.36E+04	3.81E+04	3.85E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	1.08E+05	8.53E+04	8.60E+04	3.42E+04	3.67E+04	3.76E+04	4.24E+04	4.30E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	8.38E+04	9.23E+04	3.53E+04	3.67E+04	3.93E+04	4.08E+04	4.53E+04	4.59E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	9.40E+04	3.72E+04	4.00E+04	4.14E+04	4.46E+04	4.57E+04	5.17E+04	5.21E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	3.89E+04	3.94E+04	4.24E+04	4.39E+04	4.47E+04	4.86E+04	5.49E+04	5.54E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	4.22E+04	4.53E+04	4.87E+04	5.05E+04	5.50E+04	5.63E+04	6.33E+04	6.40E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	4.43E+04	4.75E+04	5.12E+04	5.30E+04	5.78E+04	5.92E+04	6.65E+04	6.73E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.22E+04	5.59E+04	6.02E+04	6.22E+04	6.82E+04	7.01E+04	7.84E+04	7.91E+04
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	5.44E+04	5.77E+04	6.24E+04	6.44E+04	7.10E+04	7.21E+04	8.13E+04	8.21E+04
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	6.46E+04	6.93E+04	7.45E+04	7.75E+04	8.55E+04	8.73E+04	9.85E+04	9.90E+04
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	6.68E+04	7.07E+04	7.67E+04	7.92E+04	8.75E+04	8.94E+04	1.01E+05	1.01E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	8.29E+04	8.77E+04	9.51E+04	9.78E+04	1.08E+05	1.11E+05	1.25E+05	1.26E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.05E+05	1.11E+05	1.20E+05	1.23E+05	1.39E+05	1.41E+05	1.59E+05	1.60E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.31E+05	1.39E+05	1.50E+05	1.54E+05	1.73E+05	1.78E+05	2.00E+05	2.01E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Tantalum	Tungsten	Rhenium	Osmium	Iridium	Platinum	Gold	Mercury
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.17E+04	1.24E+04	1.30E+04	1.37E+04	1.44E+04	1.52E+04	1.60E+04	1.68E+04
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.20E+04	1.27E+04	1.34E+04	1.41E+04	1.48E+04	1.56E+04	1.64E+04	1.72E+04
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	1.35E+04	1.45E+04	1.52E+04	1.59E+04	1.69E+04	1.78E+04	1.77E+04	1.94E+04
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	1.46E+04	1.54E+04	1.62E+04	1.71E+04	1.80E+04	1.89E+04	1.99E+04	2.09E+04
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.65E+04	1.74E+04	1.83E+04	1.93E+04	2.02E+04	2.13E+04	2.24E+04	2.35E+04
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.86E+04	1.96E+04	2.07E+04	2.17E+04	2.28E+04	2.40E+04	2.52E+04	2.65E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	2.00E+04	2.11E+04	2.22E+04	2.34E+04	2.46E+04	2.58E+04	2.71E+04	2.84E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	2.72E+04	2.86E+04	3.01E+04	3.16E+04	3.31E+04	3.48E+04	3.65E+04	3.82E+04
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	3.30E+04	3.29E+04	3.67E+04	3.73E+04	4.01E+04	4.08E+04	4.24E+04	4.29E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	3.76E+04	3.97E+04	4.43E+04	4.48E+04	4.83E+04	4.89E+04	5.08E+04	5.18E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	4.05E+04	4.26E+04	4.78E+04	4.84E+04	5.20E+04	5.28E+04	5.58E+04	5.58E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	4.41E+04	4.80E+04	5.34E+04	5.41E+04	5.81E+04	5.66E+04	6.14E+04	6.20E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	4.85E+04	5.13E+04	5.72E+04	5.80E+04	6.24E+04	6.34E+04	6.69E+04	6.68E+04
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	5.39E+04	5.83E+04	6.50E+04	6.55E+04	7.09E+04	6.87E+04	7.49E+04	6.91E+04
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	5.84E+04	6.19E+04	6.88E+04	6.97E+04	7.51E+04	7.62E+04	8.03E+04	8.02E+04
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	6.60E+04	7.15E+04	7.95E+04	8.03E+04	8.68E+04	8.45E+04	9.17E+04	9.14E+04
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	6.92E+04	7.51E+04	8.33E+04	8.44E+04	9.11E+04	9.20E+04	9.71E+04	9.71E+04
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	8.16E+04	8.82E+04	9.83E+04	9.94E+04	1.07E+05	1.04E+05	1.14E+05	1.09E+05
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	8.46E+04	9.15E+04	1.02E+05	1.02E+05	1.11E+05	1.12E+05	1.18E+05	1.19E+05
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.01E+05	1.10E+05	1.22E+05	1.23E+05	1.34E+05	1.31E+05	1.41E+05	1.36E+05
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.06E+05	1.12E+05	1.25E+05	1.27E+05	1.37E+05	1.34E+05	1.45E+05	1.42E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	1.31E+05	1.40E+05	1.55E+05	1.57E+05	1.70E+05	1.66E+05	1.79E+05	1.80E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.64E+05	1.77E+05	1.96E+05	1.99E+05	2.15E+05	2.11E+05	2.23E+05	2.33E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	2.60E+05	2.18E+05	2.46E+05	2.49E+05	2.65E+05	2.66E+05	2.80E+05	2.98E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Thallium	Lead	Bismuth	Polonium	Astatine	Radon	Francium	Radium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.76E+04	1.84E+04	1.93E+04	2.02E+04	2.11E+04	2.20E+04	2.30E+04	2.41E+04
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.80E+04	1.89E+04	1.98E+04	2.07E+04	2.16E+04	2.26E+04	2.36E+04	2.46E+04
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	1.99E+04	2.05E+04	2.27E+04	2.37E+04	2.49E+04	2.55E+04	2.60E+04	2.68E+04
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	2.19E+04	2.29E+04	2.40E+04	2.51E+04	2.62E+04	2.73E+04	2.85E+04	2.98E+04
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	2.46E+04	2.58E+04	2.70E+04	2.82E+04	2.94E+04	3.07E+04	3.20E+04	3.34E+04
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	2.78E+04	2.91E+04	3.04E+04	3.18E+04	3.31E+04	3.45E+04	3.60E+04	3.76E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	2.98E+04	3.12E+04	3.27E+04	3.41E+04	3.56E+04	3.71E+04	3.87E+04	4.03E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	4.01E+04	4.19E+04	4.38E+04	4.58E+04	4.07E+04	3.98E+04	3.22E+04	3.30E+04
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	4.83E+04	5.11E+04	5.42E+04	5.66E+04	5.56E+04	6.22E+04	6.55E+04	6.56E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	5.81E+04	6.15E+04	6.51E+04	6.80E+04	6.68E+04	7.48E+04	7.87E+04	7.80E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	6.29E+04	6.66E+04	7.04E+04	7.35E+04	7.21E+04	8.11E+04	8.92E+04	8.55E+04
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	7.03E+04	7.44E+04	7.86E+04	8.22E+04	8.04E+04	9.06E+04	9.94E+04	9.53E+04
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	7.54E+04	7.98E+04	8.43E+04	8.81E+04	8.65E+04	9.72E+04	1.02E+05	1.02E+05
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	8.58E+04	9.01E+04	9.57E+04	1.00E+05	9.82E+04	1.11E+05	1.16E+05	1.16E+05
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	9.11E+04	9.64E+04	1.02E+05	1.06E+05	1.04E+05	1.17E+05	1.23E+05	1.23E+05
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.05E+05	1.12E+05	1.17E+05	1.22E+05	1.20E+05	1.36E+05	1.42E+05	1.43E+05
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.11E+05	1.17E+05	1.23E+05	1.29E+05	1.26E+05	1.43E+05	1.49E+05	1.49E+05
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.31E+05	1.39E+05	1.46E+05	1.51E+05	1.49E+05	1.69E+05	1.77E+05	1.76E+05
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	1.36E+05	1.48E+05	1.51E+05	1.57E+05	1.54E+05	1.75E+05	1.82E+05	1.83E+05
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.64E+05	1.74E+05	1.82E+05	1.89E+05	1.86E+05	2.11E+05	2.21E+05	2.19E+05
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.68E+05	1.78E+05	1.86E+05	1.93E+05	1.91E+05	2.16E+05	2.23E+05	2.25E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	2.22E+05	2.22E+05	2.32E+05	1.99E+05	2.37E+05	2.70E+05	2.82E+05	2.79E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	2.66E+05	2.82E+05	2.94E+05	2.88w+05	2.99E+05	3.43E+05	3.56E+05	3.53E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	3.36E+05	3.56E+05	3.67E+05	3.17E+05	3.78E+05	4.33E+05	4.49E+05	4.99E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Actinium	Thorium	Protactinium	Uranium	Neptunium	Plutonium	Americium	Curium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.51E+04	2.62E+04	2.73E+04	2.84E+04	2.95E+04	3.07E+04	3.18E+04	2.89E+04
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.57E+04	2.68E+04	2.79E+04	2.90E+04	3.02E+04	3.14E+04	3.26E+04	2.96E+04
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	2.83E+04	3.09E+04	3.00E+04	3.54E+04	3.42E+04	3.03E+04	3.34E+04	2.36E+04
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	3.11E+04	3.23E+04	3.42E+04	3.50E+04	2.99E+04	2.27E+04	2.50E+04	2.46E+04
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.48E+04	3.62E+04	3.77E+04	3.40E+04	4.08E+04	4.24E+04	4.39E+04	4.05E+04
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.92E+04	4.07E+04	4.24E+04	2.74E+04	4.58E+04	4.76E+04	4.93E+04	4.57E+04
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	3.42E+04	3.80E+04	4.55E+04	2.96E+04	4.91E+04	5.10E+04	5.29E+04	4.92E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	5.40E+04	3.70E+04	3.87E+04	4.03E+04	2.57E+04	1.62E+04	1.89E+04	2.01E+04
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.07E+05	6.57E+04	6.74E+04	7.11E+04	7.47E+04	7.29E+04	7.63E+04	7.95E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.14E+05	8.70E+04	8.11E+04	8.54E+04	8.92E+04	8.75E+04	9.27E+04	9.51E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.16E+05	9.84E+04	8.78E+04	9.23E+04	9.67E+04	9.48E+04	1.01E+05	1.03E+05
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	1.19E+05	1.10E+05	9.82E+04	1.03E+05	1.08E+05	1.06E+05	1.14E+05	1.15E+05
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.43E+05	1.18E+05	1.06E+05	1.12E+05	1.23E+05	1.13E+05	1.44E+05	1.38E+05
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.50E+05	1.34E+05	1.19E+05	1.26E+05	1.32E+05	1.28E+05	1.46E+05	1.41E+05
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.67E+05	1.42E+05	1.27E+05	1.33E+05	1.40E+05	1.36E+05	1.48E+05	1.47E+05
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.47E+05	1.54E+05	1.46E+05	1.54E+05	1.61E+05	1.57E+05	1.73E+05	1.73E+05
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.74E+05	1.72E+05	1.53E+05	1.61E+05	1.69E+05	1.65E+05	1.81E+05	1.79E+05
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.96E+05	1.87E+05	1.81E+05	1.90E+05	1.98E+05	1.94E+05	2.15E+05	2.11E+05
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.00E+05	1.96E+05	1.88E+05	1.97E+05	2.17E+05	2.02E+05	2.43E+05	2.42E+05
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	2.32E+05	2.35E+05	2.27E+05	2.37E+05	2.48E+05	2.43E+05	2.72E+05	2.62E+05
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	2.37E+05	2.40E+05	2.31E+05	2.43E+05	2.53E+05	2.48E+05	2.78E+05	2.68E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	2.79E+05	2.96E+05	2.88E+05	3.03E+05	3.14E+05	3.08E+05	3.49E+05	3.33E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	3.32E+05	3.77E+05	3.83E+05	3.82E+05	3.97E+05	3.90E+05	4.47E+05	4.22E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	3.95E+05	4.76E+05	4.84E+05	4.88E+05	3.79E+05	3.65E+05	4.26E+05	4.03E+05

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	97	98
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Berkelium	Californium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.13E+04	3.06E+04
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.18E+04	3.44E+04
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	2.41E+04	3.86E+04
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	2.50E+04	2.89E+04
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	2.98E+04	4.62E+04
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.37E+04	5.21E+04
Mo K $[\beta_1]$	1.961E−02	3.64E+04	5.59E+04
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	2.01E+04	2.09E+04
Zn K $[\beta_1]$	9.572E−03	7.63E+04	8.67E+04
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	9.27E+04	1.04E+04
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.01E+05	1.13E+05
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	1.13E+05	1.26E+05
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.43E+05	1.50E+05
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.46E+05	1.52E+05
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.48E+05	1.61E+05
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.73E+05	1.87E+05
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.82E+05	1.96E+05
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	2.16E+05	2.30E+05
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.43E+05	2.53E+05
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	2.72E+05	2.86E+05
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	2.78E+05	2.93E+05
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	3.49E+05	3.63E+05
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	4.47E+05	4.59E+05
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	4.26E+05	4.38E+05

Table 4.2.4.3| top | pdf |
Mass attenuation coefficients (cm² g⁻¹)

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Hydrogen	Helium	Lithium	Beryllium	Boron	Carbon	Nitrogen	Oxygen
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	3.63E−01	1.89E−01	1.72E−01	1.95E−01	2.37E−01	3.15E−01	4.04E−01	3.29E−01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	3.65E−01	1.90E−01	1.74E−01	2.00E−01	2.47E−01	3.35E−01	4.37E−01	5.82E−01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	3.66E−01	1.92E−01	1.77E−01	2.05E−01	2.59E−01	3.58E−01	4.77E−01	6.44E−01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	3.67E−01	1.93E−01	1.79E−01	2.09E−01	2.67E−01	3.74E−01	5.03E−01	6.85E−01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.68E−01	1.94E−01	1.82E−01	2.16E−01	2.81E−01	4.02E−01	5.51E−01	7.60E−01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.69E−01	1.96E−01	1.85E−01	2.24E−01	2.98E−01	4.35E−01	6.07E−01	8.48E−01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	3.70E−01	1.97E−01	1.87E−01	2.29E−01	3.09E−01	4.58E−01	6.45E−01	9.08E−01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	3.73E−01	2.02E−01	1.98E−01	2.56E−01	3.68E−01	5.76E−01	8.45E−01	1.22E+00
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	3.86E−01	2.55E−01	3.64E−01	7.16E−01	1.41E+00	2.69E+00	4.42E+00	6.78E+00
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	3.88E−01	2.68E−01	4.12E−01	8.53E−01	1.73E+00	3.33E+00	5.48E+00	8.42E+00
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	3.89E−01	2.74E−01	4.36E−01	9.23E−01	1.89E+00	3.65E+00	6.01E+00	9.25E+00
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	3.90E−01	2.85E−01	4.73E−01	1.03E+00	2.14E+00	4.15E+00	6.85E+00	1.05E+01
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	3.91E−01	2.92E−01	5.00E−01	1.11E+00	2.31E+00	4.51E+00	7.44E+00	1.15E+01
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.93E−01	3.07E−01	5.55E−01	1.27E+00	2.67E+00	5.24E+00	8.66E+00	1.33E+01
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	3.94E−01	3.14E−01	5.84E−01	1.35E+00	2.87E+00	5.62E+00	9.29E+00	1.43E+01
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.96E−01	3.35E−01	6.63E−01	1.58E+00	3.39E+00	6.68E+00	1.10E+01	1.70E+01
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.97E−01	3.43E−01	6.93E−01	1.67E+00	3.59E+00	7.07E+00	1.17E+01	1.80E+01
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	4.00E−01	3.74E−01	8.10E−01	2.01E+00	4.37E+00	8.62E+00	1.42E+01	2.19E+01
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	4.00E−01	3.81E−01	8.39E−01	2.09E+00	4.55E+00	8.99E+00	1.49E+01	2.28E+01
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	4.05E−01	4.25E−01	1.01E+00	2.59E+00	5.69E+00	1.12E+01	1.86E+01	2.84E+01
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	4.05E−01	4.31E−01	1.03E+00	2.66E+00	5.84E+00	1.16E+01	1.91E+01	2.92E+01
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	4.12E−01	4.98E−01	1.30E+00	3.44E+00	7.59E+00	1.50E+01	2.47E+01	3.78E+01
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	4.21E−01	5.92E−01	1.68E+00	4.56E+00	1.01E+01	1.99E+01	3.28E+01	4.99E+01
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	4.33E−01	7.12E−01	2.18E+00	6.00E+00	1.33E+01	2.62E+01	4.30E+01	6.52E+01

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Fluorine	Neon	Sodium	Magnesium	Aluminium	Silicon	Phosphorus	Sulfur
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	6.60E−01	9.06E−01	1.13E+00	1.50E+00	1.85E+00	2.38E+00	2.84E+00	3.55E+00
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	7.35E−01	1.02E+00	1.28E+00	1.70E+00	2.10E+00	2.71E+00	3.24E+00	4.05E+00
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	8.22E−01	1.15E+00	1.45E+00	1.93E+00	2.39E+00	3.09E+00	3.70E+00	4.64E+00
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	8.79E−01	1.23E+00	1.56E+00	2.09E+00	2.59E+00	3.35E+00	4.01E+00	5.02E+00
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	9.84E−01	1.39E+00	1.77E+00	2.37E+00	2.94E+00	3.81E+00	4.57E+00	5.72E+00
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.11E+00	1.57E+00	2.01E+00	2.70E+00	3.36E+00	4.36E+00	5.23E+00	6.55E+00
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	1.19E+00	1.69E+00	2.17E+00	2.92E+00	3.64E+00	4.73E+00	5.67E+00	7.11E+00
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.63E+00	2.35E+00	3.03E+00	4.09E+00	5.11E+00	6.64E+00	7.97E+00	9.99E+00
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	9.35E+00	1.36E+01	1.77E+01	2.40E+01	2.98E+01	3.85E+01	4.58E+01	5.68E+01
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.16E+01	1.69E+01	2.20E+01	2.96E+01	3.68E+01	4.75E+01	5.64E+01	6.98E+01
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.28E+01	1.86E+01	2.41E+01	3.25E+01	4.03E+01	5.20E+01	6.17E+01	7.63E+01
Ni K $[\beta_1]$	8.265E−03	1.45E+01	2.11E+01	2.74E+01	3.69E+01	4.58E+01	5.89E+01	6.98E+01	8.63E+01
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.58E+01	2.29E+01	2.97E+01	4.00E+01	4.96E+01	6.37E+01	7.55E+01	9.33E+01
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.83E+01	2.66E+01	3.45E+01	4.63E+01	5.73E+01	7.36E+01	8.70E+01	1.07E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.97E+01	2.85E+01	3.69E+01	4.96E+01	6.13E+01	7.87E+01	9.30E+01	1.15E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	2.33E+01	3.38E+01	4.37E+01	5.85E+01	7.23E+01	9.27E+01	1.09E+02	1.35E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	2.47E+01	3.58E+01	4.62E+01	6.19E+01	7.64E+01	9.78E+01	1.15E+02	1.42E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E 03	3.00E+01	4.34E+01	5.59E+01	7.47E+01	9.21E+01	1.18E+02	1.39E+02	1.70E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	3.13E+01	4.52E+01	5.82E+01	7.78E+01	9.59E+01	1.22E+02	1.44E+02	1.77E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	3.89E+01	5.61E+01	7.21E+01	9.62E+01	1.18E+02	1.51E+02	1.77E+02	2.17E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	3.99E+01	5.76E+01	7.40E+01	9.87E+01	1.21E+02	1.54E+02	1.81E+02	2.22E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	5.15E+01	7.41E+01	9.49E+01	1.26E+02	1.55E+02	1.96E+02	2.30E+02	2.81E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	6.78E+01	9.72E+01	1.24E+02	1.65E+02	2.01E+02	2.55E+02	2.97E+02	3.62E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	8.84E+01	1.26E+02	1.61E+02	2.12E+02	2.59E+02	3.27E+02	3.79E+02	4.60E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Chlorine	Argon	Potassium	Calcium	Scandium	Titanium	Vanadium	Chromium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	4.09E+00	4.56E+00	5.78E+00	6.92E+00	7.47E+00	8.43E+00	9.42E+00	1.09E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	4.67E+00	5.21E+00	6.60E+00	7.90E+00	8.53E+00	9.61E+00	1.07E+01	1.24E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	5.35E+00	5.96E+00	7.56E+00	9.04E+00	9.76E+00	1.10E+01	1.23E+01	1.42E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	5.79E+00	6.46E+00	8.19E+00	9.79E+00	1.06E+01	1.19E+01	1.33E+01	1.54E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	6.61E+00	7.37E+00	9.33E+00	1.12E+01	1.20E+01	1.36E+01	1.51E+01	1.75E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	7.55E+00	8.42E+00	1.07E+01	1.27E+01	1.38E+01	1.55E+01	1.73E+01	1.99E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	8.20E+00	9.14E+00	1.16E+01	1.38E+01	1.49E+01	1.68E+01	1.87E+01	2.15E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.15E+01	1.28E+01	1.62E+01	1.93E+01	2.08E+01	2.34E+01	2.60E+01	2.99E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	6.48E+01	7.14E+01	8.94E+01	1.05E+02	1.12E+02	1.25E+02	1.37E+02	1.55E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	7.95E+01	8.75E+01	1.09E+02	1.29E+02	1.37E+02	1.52E+02	1.66E+02	1.85E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	8.69E+01	9.55E+01	1.19E+02	1.40E+02	1.49E+02	1.66E+02	1.81E+02	2.01E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	9.81E+01	1.08E+02	1.34E+02	1.58E+02	1.67E+02	1.86E+02	2.03E+02	2.27E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.06E+02	1.16E+02	1.45E+02	1.70E+02	1.80E+02	2.00E+02	2.19E+02	2.47E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.22E+02	1.34E+02	1.66E+02	1.95E+02	2.06E+02	2.27E+02	2.50E+02	2.93E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.30E+02	1.43E+02	1.77E+02	2.08E+02	2.20E+02	2.40E+02	2.66E+02	3.18E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.52E+02	1.67E+02	2.07E+02	2.42E+02	2.56E+02	2.77E+02	3.09E+02	3.85E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.61E+02	1.76E+02	2.18E+02	2.55E+02	2.69E+02	2.91E+02	3.25E+02	4.08E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.92E+02	2.10E+02	2.60E+02	3.03E+02	3.19E+02	3.45E+02	3.85E+02	4.80E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.00E+02	2.18E+02	2.70E+02	3.14E+02	3.32E+02	3.58E+02	3.99E+02	4.92E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	2.44E+02	2.66E+02	3.28E+02	3.82E+02	4.03E+02	4.44E+02	4.79E+02	6.70E+01
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	2.50E+02	2.72E+02	3.36E+02	3.91E+02	4.12E+02	4.57E+02	4.89E+02	6.86E+01
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	3.16E+02	3.42E+02	4.21E+02	4.90E+02	5.16E+02	5.90E+02	7.47E+01	8.68E+01
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	4.04E+02	4.38E+02	5.38E+02	6.24E+02	6.52E+02	8.54E+01	9.65E+01	1.12E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	5.11E+02	5.56E+02	6.80E+02	7.81E+02	8.08E+02	1.09E+02	1.23E+02	1.43E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Manganese	Iron	Cobalt	Nickel	Copper	Zinc	Gallium	Germanium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.21E+01	1.38E+01	1.51E+01	1.74E+01	1.83E+01	2.02E+01	2.14E+01	2.31E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.37E+01	1.57E+01	1.72E+01	1.98E+01	2.08E+01	2.30E+01	2.43E+01	2.62E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	1.57E+01	1.79E+01	1.96E+01	2.26E+01	2.38E+01	2.62E+01	2.77E+01	2.98E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	1.70E+01	1.94E+01	2.12E+01	2.44E+01	2.56E+01	2.82E+01	2.98E+01	3.21E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.93E+01	2.20E+01	2.41E+01	2.77E+01	2.91E+01	3.20E+01	3.38E+01	3.64E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	2.20E+01	2.51E+01	2.74E+01	3.15E+01	3.30E+01	3.63E+01	3.84E+01	4.13E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	2.38E+01	2.71E+01	2.96E+01	3.40E+01	3.57E+01	3.93E+01	4.15E+01	4.46E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	3.31E+01	3.76E+01	4.10E+01	4.69E+01	4.91E+01	5.40E+01	5.70E+01	6.12E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.70E+02	1.92E+02	2.06E+02	2.33E+02	2.40E+02	3.59E+01	3.85E+01	4.22E+01
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	2.07E+02	2.32E+02	2.48E+02	2.79E+02	3.92E+01	4.38E+01	4.70E+01	5.14E+01
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E 03	2.24E+02	2.52E+02	2.69E+02	3.02E+02	4.27E+01	4.77E+01	5.12E+01	5.59E+01
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.51E+02	2.81E+02	3.00E+02	4.53E+01	4.80E+01	5.37E+01	5.76E+01	6.30E+01
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E 03	2.70E+02	3.02E+02	3.21E+02	4.88E+01	5.18E+01	5.79E+01	6.21E+01	6.79E+01
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.06E+02	3.42E+02	4.81E+01	5.60E+01	5.94E+01	6.64E+01	7.12E+01	7.78E+01
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	3.25E+02	3.62E+02	5.13E+01	5.97E+01	6.33E+01	7.08E+01	7.59E+01	8.29E+01
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.75E+02	5.43E+01	6.00E+01	6.98E+01	7.40E+01	8.27E+01	8.86E+01	9.69E+01
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.93E+02	5.72E+01	6.32E+01	7.35E+01	7.80E+01	8.71E+01	9.34E+01	1.02E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.92E+01	6.84E+01	7.55E+01	8.78E+01	9.31E+01	1.04E+02	1.11E+02	1.22E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	6.16E+01	7.10E+01	7.85E+01	9.13E+01	9.68E+01	1.08E+02	1.16E+02	1.27E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	7.53E+01	8.69E+01	9.60E+01	1.12E+02	1.18E+02	1.32E+02	1.42E+02	1.55E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	7.72E+01	8.90E+01	9.83E+01	1.14E+02	1.21E+02	1.35E+02	1.45E+02	1.58E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	9.75E+01	1.13E+02	1.24E+02	1.44E+02	1.53E+02	1.71E+02	1.83E+02	1.99E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.26E+02	1.45E+02	1.60E+02	1.86E+02	1.97E+02	2.20E+02	2.35E+02	2.56E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.61E+02	1.85E+02	2.04E+02	2.37E+02	2.51E+02	2.80E+02	2.99E+02	3.26E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Arsenic	Selenium	Bromine	Krypton	Rubidium	Strontium	Yttrium	Zirconium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.50E+01	2.65E+01	2.91E+01	3.07E+01	3.32E+01	3.56E+01	3.84E+01	4.07E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.84E+01	3.00E+01	3.29E+01	3.48E+01	3.76E+01	4.03E+01	4.34E+01	4.60E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	3.23E+01	3.41E+01	3.74E+01	3.95E+01	4.27E+01	4.57E+01	4.91E+01	5.20E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	3.48E+01	3.68E+01	4.03E+01	4.25E+01	4.59E+01	4.91E+01	5.29E+01	5.59E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.93E+01	4.16E+01	4.55E+01	4.80E+01	5.18E+01	5.54E+01	5.95E+01	6.29E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	4.46E+01	4.71E+01	5.15E+01	5.43E+01	5.85E+01	6.25E+01	6.71E+01	6.25E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	4.82E+01	5.08E+01	5.55E+01	5.84E+01	6.30E+01	6.72E+01	7.21E+01	7.61E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	6.61E+01	6.95E+01	7.56E+01	7.93E+01	8.51E+01	9.06E+01	9.70E+01	1.63E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	4.64E+01	4.97E+01	5.53E+01	5.92E+01	6.49E+01	7.06E+01	7.73E+01	8.35E+01
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	5.65E+01	6.05E+01	6.74E+01	7.21E+01	7.90E+01	8.59E+01	9.40E+01	1.01E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	6.15E+01	6.59E+01	7.33E+01	7.85E+01	8.60E+01	9.35E+01	1.02E+02	1.10E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	6.93E+01	7.42E+01	8.26E+01	8.83E+01	9.68E+01	1.05E+02	1.15E+02	1.24E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	7.47E+01	8.00E+01	8.90E+01	9.52E+01	1.04E+02	1.13E+02	1.24E+02	1.39E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	8.55E+01	9.16E+01	1.02E+02	1.09E+02	1.19E+02	1.30E+02	1.42E+02	1.54E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	9.11E+01	9.76E+01	1.09E+02	1.16E+02	1.27E+02	1.38E+02	1.51E+02	1.63E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.06E+02	1.14E+02	1.27E+02	1.35E+02	1.48E+02	1.61E+02	1.76E+02	1.91E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.12E+02	1.20E+02	1.33E+02	1.42E+02	1.56E+02	1.70E+02	1.85E+02	2.00E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	1.34E+02	1.43E+02	1.59E+02	1.70E+02	1.86E+02	2.02E+02	2.21E+02	2.38E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	1.39E+02	1.49E+02	1.65E+02	1.76E+02	1.93E+02	2.10E+02	2.29E+02	2.47E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	1.70E+02	1.82E+02	2.02E+02	2.15E+02	2.36E+02	2.56E+02	2.79E+02	3.00E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	1.74E+02	1.86E+02	2.06E+02	2.20E+02	2.41E+02	2.62E+02	2.86E+02	3.08E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	2.19E+02	2.34E+02	2.60E+02	2.77E+02	3.03E+02	3.28E+02	3.58E+02	3.86E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	2.81E+02	3.00E+02	3.33E+02	3.55E+02	3.88E+02	4.21E+02	4.59E+02	4.93E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	3.57E+02	3.81E+02	4.23E+02	4.50E+02	4.92E+02	5.32E+02	5.80E+02	6.22E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Niobium	Molybdenum	Technetium	Ruthenium	Rhodium	Palladium	Silver	Cadmium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	4.36E+01	5.25E+01	4.84E+01	5.06E+01	5.35E+01	5.55E+01	1.01E+01	1.06E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	4.92E+01	6.03E+01	5.45E+01	5.69E+01	6.01E+01	1.06E+01	1.15E+01	1.20E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	5.56E+01	6.80E+01	6.15E+01	7.00E+01	1.14E+01	1.21E+01	1.30E+01	1.36E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	5.98E+01	7.20E+01	6.60E+01	1.14E+01	1.23E+01	1.30E+01	1.40E+01	1.46E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	6.71E+01	7.71E+01	7.41E+01	1.29E+01	1.39E+01	1.47E+01	1.58E+01	1.66E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	7.55E+01	7.95E+01	1.38E+01	1.47E+01	1.58E+01	1.67E+01	1.79E+01	1.88E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	8.10E+01	1.38E+01	1.49E+01	1.58E+01	1.70E+01	1.80E+01	1.94E+01	2.02E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.77E+01	1.88E+01	2.04E+01	2.17E+01	2.33E+01	2.47E+01	2.65E+01	2.78E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	9.04E+01	9.65E+01	1.04E+02	1.10E+02	1.18E+02	1.25E+02	1.34E+02	1.40E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.10E+02	1.17E+02	1.26E+02	1.34E+02	1.44E+02	1.51E+02	1.63E+02	1.69E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.20E+02	1.27E+02	1.37E+02	1.46E+02	1.56E+02	1.65E+02	1.77E+02	1.84E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	1.34E+02	1.43E+02	1.54E+02	1.63E+02	1.75E+02	1.85E+02	1.98E+02	2.07E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.45E+02	1.54E+02	1.66E+02	1.76E+02	1.89E+02	1.99E+02	2.13E+02	2.22E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.66E+02	1.76E+02	1.90E+02	2.01E+02	2.16E+02	2.27E+02	2.43E+02	2.53E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.76E+02	1.88E+02	2.02E+02	2.14E+02	2.29E+02	2.41E+02	2.59E+02	2.69E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	2.05E+02	2.19E+02	2.35E+02	2.49E+02	2.67E+02	2.81E+02	3.01E+02	3.13E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	2.16E+02	2.30E+02	2.47E+02	2.62E+02	2.80E+02	2.95E+02	3.16E+02	3.29E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	2.57E+02	2.73E+02	2.94E+02	3.11E+02	3.33E+02	3.50E+02	3.75E+02	3.90E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.67E+02	2.84E+02	3.05E+02	3.23E+02	3.46E+02	3.63E+02	3.89E+02	4.05E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	3.25E+02	3.45E+02	3.70E+02	3.92E+02	4.20E+02	4.41E+02	4.72E+02	4.90E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E 03	3.32E+02	3.53E+02	3.79E+02	4.01E+02	4.29E+02	4.51E+02	4.83E+02	5.02E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	4.16E+02	4.42E+02	4.74E+02	5.01E+02	5.36E+02	5.63E+02	6.02E+02	6.26E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	5.32E+02	5.65E+02	6.04E+02	6.39E+02	6.83E+02	7.16E+02	7.65E+02	7.95E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	6.71E+02	7.12E+02	7.61E+02	8.04E+02	8.60E+02	9.01E+02	9.61E+02	9.95E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Indium	Tin	Antimony	Tellurium	Iodine	Xenon	Caesium	Barium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.13E+01	1.18E+01	1.25E+01	1.29E+01	1.40E+01	1.46E+01	1.56E+01	1.62E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.27E+01	1.34E+01	1.41E+01	1.46E+01	1.59E+01	1.65E+01	1.76E+01	1.83E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	1.45E+01	1.52E+01	1.60E+01	1.66E+01	1.80E+01	1.88E+01	2.00E+01	2.08E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	1.56E+01	1.64E+01	1.73E+01	1.79E+01	1.94E+01	2.02E+01	2.15E+01	2.24E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.76E+01	1.85E+01	1.96E+01	2.02E+01	2.19E+01	2.29E+01	2.43E+01	2.54E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	2.00E+01	2.10E+01	2.22E+01	2.29E+01	2.18E+01	2.27E+01	2.42E+01	2.52E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	2.16E+01	2.26E+01	2.39E+01	2.47E+01	2.68E+01	2.80E+01	2.98E+01	3.10E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	2.95E+01	3.10E+01	3.27E+01	3.38E+01	3.67E+01	3.82E+01	4.07E+01	4.23E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.48E+02	1.55E+02	1.64E+02	1.68E+02	1.82E+02	1.90E+02	2.01E+02	2.09E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.80E+02	1.88E+02	1.98E+02	2.04E+02	2.20E+02	2.29E+02	2.43E+02	2.52E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.95E+02	2.04E+02	2.15E+02	2.21E+02	2.39E+02	2.49E+02	2.63E+02	2.73E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.19E+02	2.29E+02	2.41E+02	2.48E+02	2.68E+02	2.78E+02	2.95E+02	3.06E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	2.36E+02	2.47E+02	2.59E+02	2.67E+02	2.88E+02	2.99E+02	3.17E+02	3.25E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	2.69E+02	2.81E+02	2.96E+02	3.04E+02	3.30E+02	3.43E+02	3.63E+02	3.76E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	2.86E+02	2.99E+02	3.14E+02	3.23E+02	3.49E+02	3.62E+02	3.83E+02	3.96E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.32E+02	3.47E+02	3.65E+02	3.74E+02	4.08E+02	4.22E+02	4.46E+02	4.61E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.49E+02	3.64E+02	3.83E+02	3.94E+02	4.25E+02	4.40E+02	4.65E+02	4.80E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	4.13E+02	4.31E+02	4.54E+02	4.66E+02	5.03E+02	5.20E+02	5.49E+02	5.66E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	4.28E+02	4.47E+02	4.71E+02	4.83E+02	5.22E+02	5.40E+02	5.69E+02	5.86E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	5.19E+02	5.42E+02	5.70E+02	5.85E+02	6.31E+02	6.52E+02	6.86E+02	6.45E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	5.31E+02	5.54E+02	5.82E+02	5.98E+02	6.45E+02	6.66E+02	7.00E+02	6.60E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	6.63E+02	6.91E+02	7.23E+02	7.40E+02	7.96E+02	7.21E+02	7.60E+02	5.70E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	8.41E+02	8.76E+02	9.15E+02	9.32E+02	1.00E+03	1.03E+03	2.60E+02	3.14E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.05E+03	1.09E+03	9.91E+02	7.51E+02	2.83E+02	2.65E+02	3.30E+02	3.34E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Lanthanum	Cerium	Praseodymium	Neodymium	Promethium	Samarium	Europium	Gadolinium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	1.72E+01	1.83E+01	1.95E+01	2.04E+01	2.17E+01	2.23E+01	2.35E+01	2.42E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	1.95E+01	2.07E+01	2.20E+01	2.30E+01	2.45E+01	2.52E+01	2.66E+01	2.74E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	2.21E+01	2.35E+01	2.50E+01	2.61E+01	2.78E+01	2.86E+01	3.01E+01	3.10E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	2.38E+01	2.53E+01	2.69E+01	2.81E+01	2.99E+01	3.08E+01	3.24E+01	3.34E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	2.69E+01	2.86E+01	3.04E+01	3.18E+01	3.38E+01	3.48E+01	3.66E+01	3.77E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	3.05E+01	3.24E+01	3.45E+01	3.60E+01	3.83E+01	3.94E+01	4.15E+01	4.27E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	3.29E+01	3.49E+01	3.72E+01	3.88E+01	4.13E+01	4.24E+01	4.47E+01	4.60E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	4.49E+01	4.77E+01	5.07E+01	5.30E+01	5.63E+01	5.78E+01	6.09E+01	6.26E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	2.21E+02	2.33E+02	2.47E+02	2.57E+02	2.73E+02	2.79E+02	2.93E+02	3.00E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	2.66E+02	2.82E+02	2.99E+02	3.10E+02	3.28E+02	3.35E+02	3.52E+02	3.60E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	2.89E+02	3.06E+02	3.24E+02	3.36E+02	3.55E+02	3.63E+02	3.80E+02	3.89E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	3.24E+02	3.43E+02	3.63E+02	3.76E+02	3.97E+02	4.05E+02	4.24E+02	4.33E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	3.48E+02	3.68E+02	3.90E+02	4.04E+02	4.26E+02	4.34E+02	4.34E+02	4.03E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.95E+02	4.17E+02	4.41E+02	4.57E+02	4.82E+02	3.54E+02	4.80E+02	3.35E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	4.19E+02	4.42E+02	4.68E+02	4.84E+02	5.11E+02	3.71E+02	3.75E+02	3.56E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	4.83E+02	5.10E+02	5.39E+02	4.92E+02	5.88E+02	1.63E+02	4.08E+02	1.53E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	5.07E+02	5.35E+02	5.65E+02	5.05E+02	4.00E+02	1.76E+02	4.19E+02	1.61E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.97E+02	5.47E+02	6.16E+02	4.39E+02	4.68E+02	1.66E+02	1.95E+02	1.89E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	6.18E+02	5.61E+02	4.48E+02	4.55E+02	1.94E+02	2.04E+02	2.03E+02	1.95E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	7.44E+02	4.94E+02	1.88E+02	1.98E+02	2.32E+02	2.21E+02	2.44E+02	2.35E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	7.60E+02	5.12E+02	1.93E+02	2.03E+02	2.37E+02	2.25E+02	2.49E+02	2.41E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	2.25E+02	2.38E+02	2.38E+02	2.51E+02	2.94E+02	2.79E+02	3.09E+02	2.98E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	2.84E+02	3.00E+02	3.00E+02	3.14E+02	3.69E+02	3.50E+02	3.90E+02	3.74E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	3.55E+02	3.57E+02	3.75E+02	3.97E+02	4.62E+02	4.35E+02	4.88E+02	4.69E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Terbium	Dysprosium	Holmium	Erbium	Thulium	Ytterbium	Lutetium	Hafnium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	2.55E+01	2.65E+01	2.77E+01	2.90E+01	3.04E+01	3.14E+01	3.28E+01	3.40E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	2.88E+01	2.99E+01	3.13E+01	3.27E+01	3.43E+01	3.54E+01	3.71E+01	3.84E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	3.26E+01	3.39E+01	3.54E+01	3.71E+01	3.89E+01	4.01E+01	4.20E+01	4.35E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	3.51E+01	3.65E+01	3.81E+01	3.99E+01	4.18E+01	4.32E+01	4.51E+01	4.67E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	3.96E+01	4.12E+01	4.30E+01	4.50E+01	4.71E+01	4.87E+01	5.09E+01	5.27E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	4.49E+01	4.66E+01	4.87E+01	5.09E+01	5.33E+01	5.50E+01	5.75E+01	5.95E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	4.83E+01	5.02E+01	5.24E+01	5.48E+01	5.74E+01	5.93E+01	6.19E+01	6.41E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	6.58E+01	6.83E+01	7.13E+01	7.44E+01	7.79E+01	8.04E+01	8.40E+01	8.69E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	3.14E+02	3.24E+02	3.36E+02	3.49E+02	3.65E+02	3.75E+02	3.91E+02	1.00E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	3.76E+02	3.87E+02	4.02E+02	4.17E+02	1.08E+02	1.08E+02	1.21E+02	1.20E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	4.06E+02	4.19E+02	3.98E+02	2.87E+02	1.17E+02	1.17E+02	1.31E+02	1.30E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	4.52E+02	3.36E+02	4.44E+02	1.23E+02	1.31E+02	1.31E+02	1.46E+02	1.45E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	3.21E+02	3.62E+02	1.29E+02	1.32E+02	1.40E+02	1.42E+02	1.56E+02	1.55E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.60E+02	1.38E+02	1.46E+02	1.49E+02	1.59E+02	1.59E+02	1.78E+02	1.76E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.49E+02	1.46E+02	1.55E+02	1.58E+02	1.69E+02	1.69E+02	1.89E+02	1.87E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	1.71E+02	1.68E+02	1.78E+02	1.82E+02	1.96E+02	1.96E+02	2.18E+02	2.16E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	1.80E+02	1.76E+02	1.87E+02	1.91E+02	2.06E+02	2.06E+02	2.29E+02	2.27E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	2.11E+02	2.07E+02	2.20E+02	2.24E+02	2.43E+02	2.44E+02	2.70E+02	2.67E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.19E+02	2.14E+02	2.28E+02	2.32E+02	2.53E+02	2.51E+02	2.80E+02	2.77E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	2.63E+02	2.57E+02	2.72E+02	2.78E+02	3.05E+02	3.04E+02	3.39E+02	3.34E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	2.69E+02	2.62E+02	2.80E+02	2.85E+02	3.12E+02	3.11E+02	3.47E+02	3.41E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	3.32E+02	3.25E+02	3.47E+02	3.52E+02	3.86E+02	3.87E+02	4.31E+02	4.25E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	4.19E+02	4.10E+02	4.38E+02	4.43E+02	4.94E+02	4.92E+02	5.47E+02	5.39E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	5.24E+02	5.15E+02	5.47E+02	5.54E+02	6.21E+02	6.19E+02	6.88E+02	6.78E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Tantalum	Tungsten	Rhenium	Osmium	Iridium	Platinum	Gold	Mercury
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	3.54E+01	3.68E+01	3.83E+01	3.95E+01	4.11E+01	4.26E+01	4.44E+01	4.58E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	4.00E+01	4.15E+01	4.32E+01	4.45E+01	4.64E+01	4.80E+01	5.00E+01	5.16E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	4.53E+01	4.70E+01	4.89E+01	5.04E+01	5.24E+01	5.43E+01	5.65E+01	5.83E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	4.87E+01	5.05E+01	5.25E+01	5.41E+01	5.63E+01	5.83E+01	6.07E+01	6.26E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	5.48E+01	5.69E+01	5.92E+01	6.10E+01	6.34E+01	6.57E+01	6.83E+01	7.04E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	6.20E+01	6.43E+01	6.69E+01	6.89E+01	7.16E+01	7.41E+01	7.71E+01	7.95E+01
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	6.67E+01	6.92E+01	7.19E+01	7.41E+01	7.70E+01	7.97E+01	8.29E+01	8.54E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	9.04E+01	9.38E+01	9.74E+01	1.00E+02	1.04E+02	1.07E+02	1.12E+02	1.15E+02
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.02E+02	1.08E+02	1.19E+02	1.18E+02	1.23E+02	1.21E+02	1.30E+02	1.16E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.22E+02	1.30E+02	1.43E+02	1.42E+02	1.48E+02	1.45E+02	1.55E+02	1.41E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.32E+02	1.41E+02	1.55E+02	1.54E+02	1.60E+02	1.57E+02	1.68E+02	1.54E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	1.47E+02	1.57E+02	1.72E+02	1.71E+02	1.78E+02	1.75E+02	1.88E+02	1.74E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	1.58E+02	1.68E+02	1.87E+02	1.84E+02	1.91E+02	1.88E+02	2.01E+02	1.88E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	1.79E+02	1.91E+02	2.09E+02	2.09E+02	2.16E+02	2.14E+02	2.29E+02	2.16E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	1.90E+02	2.03E+02	2.22E+02	2.21E+02	2.30E+02	2.27E+02	2.43E+02	2.30E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	2.20E+02	2.34E+02	2.57E+02	2.55E+02	2.65E+02	2.61E+02	2.79E+02	2.60E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	2.31E+02	2.46E+02	2.68E+02	2.68E+02	2.78E+02	2.76E+02	2.95E+02	2.73E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	2.73E+02	2.88E+02	3.16E+02	3.14E+02	3.30E+02	3.25E+02	3.48E+02	3.27E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	2.83E+02	3.01E+02	3.27E+02	3.27E+02	3.40E+02	3.57E+02	3.61E+02	3.39E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	3.39E+02	3.61E+02	3.94E+02	3.92E+02	4.11E+02	4.23E+02	4.34E+02	4.16E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	3.46E+02	3.69E+02	4.05E+02	4.03E+02	4.18E+02	4.34E+02	4.45E+02	4.27E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	4.32E+02	4.57E+02	5.01E+02	4.99E+02	5.20E+02	5.41E+02	5.51E+02	5.41E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	5.46E+02	5.79E+02	6.33E+02	6.31E+02	6.59E+02	6.83E+02	6.99E+02	6.99E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	6.85E+02	7.25E+02	7.94E+02	7.92E+02	8.26E+02	8.19E+02	8.76E+02	8.97E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Thallium	Lead	Bismuth	Polonium	Astatine	Radon	Francium	Radium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	4.72E+01	4.88E+01	5.06E+01	5.30E+01	5.51E+01	5.45E+01	5.67E+01	5.84E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	5.31E+01	5.49E+01	5.70E+01	5.96E+01	6.20E+01	6.12E+01	6.37E+01	6.56E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	6.00E+01	6.20E+01	6.44E+01	6.73E+01	7.00E+01	6.90E+01	7.18E+01	7.40E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	6.45E+01	6.66E+01	6.91E+01	7.23E+01	7.51E+01	7.21E+01	7.70E+01	7.93E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	7.25E+01	7.49E+01	7.77E+01	8.12E+01	8.43E+01	8.32E+01	8.64E+01	8.90E+01
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	8.18E+01	8.45E+01	8.76E+01	9.15E+01	9.50E+01	9.36E+01	9.72E+01	1.00E+02
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	8.79E+01	9.08E+01	9.41E+01	9.83E+01	1.02E+02	1.01E+02	1.04E+02	1.08E+01
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	1.18E+02	1.22E+02	1.26E+02	1.32E+02	1.17E+02	1.08E+02	8.70E+01	8.80E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.45E+02	1.51E+02	1.57E+02	1.63E+02	1.71E+02	1.71E+02	1.77E+02	1.75E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	1.75E+02	1.81E+02	1.88E+02	1.96E+02	1.86E+02	2.05E+02	2.13E+02	2.10E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	1.89E+02	1.96E+02	2.04E+02	2.12E+02	2.07E+02	2.23E+02	2.30E+02	2.28E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.11E+02	2.16E+02	2.28E+02	2.37E+02	2.31E+02	2.49E+02	2.57E+02	2.54E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	2.26E+02	2.35E+02	2.44E+02	2.54E+02	2.48E+02	2.67E+02	2.77E+02	2.73E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	2.57E+02	2.67E+02	2.76E+02	2.88E+02	2.82E+02	3.04E+02	3.12E+02	3.10E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	2.71E+02	2.83E+02	2.95E+02	3.05E+02	2.99E+02	3.21E+02	3.32E+02	3.29E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	3.14E+02	3.27E+02	3.39E+02	3.54E+02	3.45E+02	3.73E+02	3.84E+02	3.80E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	3.31E+02	3.43E+02	3.55E+02	3.70E+02	3.63E+02	3.92E+02	4.03E+02	3.98E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	3.90E+02	4.06E+02	4.21E+02	4.35E+02	4.26E+02	4.60E+02	4.77E+02	4.70E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	4.03E+02	4.20E+02	4.34E+02	4.52E+02	4.44E+02	4.77E+02	4.93E+02	4.87E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	4.87E+02	5.07E+02	5.24E+02	5.44E+02	5.33E+02	5.76E+02	5.97E+02	5.85E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	5.00E+02	5.18E+02	5.35E+02	5.58E+02	5.45E+02	5.89E+02	6.02E+02	5.99E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	5.97E+02	6.43E+02	6.66E+02	6.91E+02	6.80E+02	7.34E+02	7.58E+02	7.43E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	7.15E+02	8.15E+02	8.44E+02	8.30E+02	8.60E+02	9.32E+02	9.61E+02	9.41E+02
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	9.89E+02	1.03E+03	1.06E+03	1.10E+03	1.08E+03	1.18E+03	1.21E+03	1.33E+03

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Actinium	Thorium	Protactinium	Uranium	Neptunium	Plutonium	Americium	Curium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	6.07E+01	6.19E+01	6.48E+01	6.55E+01	6.84E+01	7.05E+01	7.20E+01	7.35E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	6.82E+01	6.95E+01	7.27E+01	7.35E+01	7.67E+01	7.91E+01	8.08E+01	8.24E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	7.68E+01	7.82E+01	8.19E+01	8.27E+01	8.63E+01	8.89E+01	9.08E+01	6.00E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	8.24E+01	8.39E+01	8.78E+01	8.86E+01	9.25E+01	5.60E+01	5.95E+01	6.43E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	9.24E+01	9.41E+01	9.84E+01	9.93E+01	1.04E+02	1.07E+02	1.09E+02	1.11E+02
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.04E+02	1.06E+02	1.11E+02	1.12E+02	1.16E+02	1.20E+02	1.22E+02	1.10E+02
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	1.10E+02	9.87E+01	1.19E+02	7.49E+01	1.25E+02	1.29E+02	1.31E+02	1.34E+02
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	9.08E+01	9.65E+01	1.01E+02	1.02E+02	4.22E+01	3.99E+01	4.81E+01	4.90E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	2.49E+02	1.70E+02	1.73E+02	1.85E+02	1.90E+02	1.80E+02	1.89E+02	1.94E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	2.85E+02	2.19E+02	2.08E+02	2.22E+02	2.27E+02	2.16E+02	2.27E+02	2.32E+02
Zn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.631E−03	3.03E+02	2.55E+02	2.25E+02	2.40E+02	2.46E+02	2.34E+02	2.41E+02	2.51E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	3.09E+02	2.85E+02	2.52E+02	2.68E+02	2.75E+02	2.62E+02	2.73E+02	2.80E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	3.17E+02	3.06E+02	2.71E+02	2.88E+02	3.14E+02	2.80E+02	3.22E+02	3.38E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.81E+02	3.48E+02	3.06E+02	3.26E+02	3.35E+02	3.17E+02	3.33E+02	3.43E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	3.99E+02	3.69E+02	3.25E+02	3.47E+02	3.55E+02	3.36E+02	3.52E+02	3.60E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	4.44E+02	3.89E+02	3.75E+02	4.00E+02	4.10E+02	3.89E+02	4.07E+02	4.21E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	4.61E+02	4.06E+02	3.94E+02	4.20E+02	4.30E+02	4.08E+02	4.26E+02	4.37E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.21E+02	4.46E+02	4.65E+02	4.96E+02	5.05E+02	4.08E+02	5.03E+02	5.15E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	5.30E+02	4.85E+02	4.82E+02	5.28E+02	5.52E+02	4.98E+02	5.81E+02	5.90E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	6.18E+02	5.09E+02	5.82E+02	6.17E+02	6.30E+02	6.00E+02	6.27E+02	6.40E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	6.29E+02	6.23E+02	5.93E+02	6.32E+02	6.45E+02	6.12E+02	6.42E+02	6.55E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	7.39E+02	7.68E+02	7.38E+02	7.66E+02	8.00E+02	7.60E+02	7.95E+02	8.12E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	8.83E+02	9.78E+02	9.83E+02	9.66E+02	1.01E+03	9.62E+02	1.03E+03	1.03E+03
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.05E+03	1.23E+03	1.24E+03	1.23E+03	9.65E+02	9.00E+02	9.55E+02	9.84E+02

Radiation	Energy (MeV)	97	98
Radiation	Energy (MeV)	Berkelium	Californium
Ag K $[\beta _1]$	2.494E−02	6.66E+01	7.35E+01
Pd K $[\beta _1]$	2.382E−02	7.52E+01	8.24E+01
Rh K $[\beta _1]$	2.272E−02	8.51E+01	9.26E+01
Ag K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.210E−02	6.10E+01	6.92E+01
Pd K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.112E−02	1.03E+02	1.11E+02
Rh K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	2.017E−02	1.02E+02	1.25E+02
Mo K $[\beta _1]$	1.961E−02	1.25E+02	1.34E+02
Mo K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	1.744E−02	4.90E+01	5.00E+01
Zn K $[\beta _1]$	9.572E−03	1.86E+02	2.08E+02
Cu K $[\beta _1]$	8.905E−03	2.26E+02	2.49E+02
Zn K $[\bar{\alpha}]$	8.631E−03	2.46E+02	2.70E+02
Ni K $[\beta _1]$	8.265E−03	2.77E+02	3.01E+02
Cu K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	8.041E−03	3.52E+02	3.60E+02
Co K $[\beta _1]$	7.649E−03	3.57E+02	3.66E+02
Ni K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	7.472E−03	3.62E+02	3.86E+02
Fe K $[\beta _1]$	7.058E−03	4.22E+02	4.48E+02
Co K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.925E−03	4.43E+02	4.69E+02
Mn K $[\beta _1]$	6.490E−03	5.26E+02	5.52E+02
Fe K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	6.400E−03	5.92E+02	6.07E+02
Cr K $[\beta _1]$	5.947E−03	6.64E+02	6.87E+02
Mn K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.895E−03	6.78E+02	7.03E+02
Cr K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	5.412E−03	8.52E+02	8.71E+02
Ti K $[\beta _1]$	4.932E−03	1.09E+03	1.10E+03
Ti K $[\bar {\alpha }]$	4.509E−03	1.04E+03	1.05E+03

Users of these tables should be aware of three important facts.

(i) The values given in the tables are derived for the case of isolated atoms, and cooperative effects may become important in condensed phases (Section 4.2.3).
(ii) The values are based solely on theoretical calculations.
(iii) The limits to the reliability of the data when compared with experimental values are shown in Fig. 4.2.4.4.

The linear attenuation coefficient $[\mu_l]$ in units of cm⁻¹ can be defined operationally as $[\mu _l= \bigg({\rm ln} {I_o\over I}\bigg)\bigg/t \eqno (4.2.4.1)]$ from the exponential attenuation relationship $[{I \over I_0} = \exp (- \mu_lt) \eqno (4.2.4.2)]$ in which an idealized plane-parallel slab of material is interposed normally into a parallel beam of monoenergetic X-rays initially of intensity [I_0] , attenuated by the interposed slab to a reduced intensity I.

The linear attenuation coefficient $[\mu_l]$ for multi-element substances may be obtained in two ways. Through the mass absorption coefficients, we have $[\mu _l = \rho\textstyle \sum\limits_i g_i (\mu _m)_i, \eqno (4.2.4.3)]$ where [g_i] is the mass fraction of the element i for which the mass attenuation coefficient $[(\mu_m)_i]$ is in units of cm² g⁻¹, and ρ is the density of the material in units of g cm⁻³. The summation is over all the constituent elements. The mass attenuation coefficient $[\mu _m]$ is sometimes written as $[(\mu _l/\rho).]$

For a crystal with unit-cell volume [V_c] , $[\mu _l = {1 \over V_c} \sum _i \sigma _i, \eqno (4.2.4.4)]$ where the summation is over all the atoms in the cell. If $[\sigma _i]$ is in barns/atom and [V_c] is in Å³, then $[\mu_l]$ is in cm⁻¹.

These tables list total interaction cross sections and mass attenuation coefficients for isolated atoms calculated for characteristic X-ray photon emissions ranging from Ti Kα to Ag Kβ.

The total interaction cross section is defined by $[\sigma = \sigma _{\rm pe} + \sigma _R + \sigma _C, \eqno (4.2.4.5)]$ where $[\sigma _{\rm pe}]$ is the photo-effect cross section; $[\sigma _R]$ is the Rayleigh (unmodified, elastic) cross section; $[\sigma _C]$ is the Compton (modified, inelastic) cross section.

The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that in the neighbourhood of an absorption edge for aggregations of atoms significant deviations may be found because of cooperative effects (XAFS and XANES ). A discussion of these effects is given in Section 4.2.3.

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