Chapter 18.1. Introduction to refinement

Related articles

Related articles within International Tables are as follows:

Volume B: Reciprocal space (first online edition, 2006)

• Chapter 1.2. The structure factor, by P. Coppens
• Chapter 2.3. Patterson and molecular-replacement techniques, by M. G. Rossmann and E. Arnold
• Chapter 2.4. Isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering, by M. Vijayan and S. Ramaseshan

Volume C: Mathematical, physical and chemical tables (first online edition, 2006)

• Chapter 2.2. Single-crystal X-ray techniques, by J. R. Helliwell
• Chapter 7.1. Detectors for X-rays, by Y. Amemiya, U. W. Arndt, B. Buras, J. Chikawa, L. Gerward, J. I. Langford, W. Parrish and P. M. de Wolff
• Chapter 7.5. Statistical fluctuations, by A. J. C. Wilson
• Chapter 8.1. Least squares, by E. Prince and P. T. Boggs
• Chapter 8.2. Other refinement methods, by E. Prince and D. M. Collins
• Chapter 8.3. Constraints and restraints in refinement, by E. Prince, L. W. Finger and J. H. Konnert
• Chapter 8.5. Detection and treatment of systematic error, by E. Prince and C. H. Spiegelman

Volume F: Crystallography of biological macromolecules (first online edition, 2006)

• Chapter 11.1. Automatic indexing of oscillation images, by M. G. Rossmann
• Chapter 13.1. Noncrystallographic symmetry, by D. M. Blow
• Chapter 15.2. Model phases: probabilities, bias and maps, by R. J. Read
• Chapter 18.2. Enhanced macromolecular refinement by simulated annealing, by A. T. Brunger, P. D. Adams and L. M. Rice
• Chapter 18.3. Structure quality and target parameters, by R. A. Engh and R. Huber
• Chapter 21.1. Validation of protein crystal structures, by G. J. Kleywegt
• Chapter 25.2. Programs and program systems in wide use, by W. Furey, K. D. Cowtan, K. Y. J. Zhang, P. Main, A. T. Brunger, P. D. Adams, W. L. DeLano, P. Gros, R. W. Grosse-Kunstleve, J.-S. Jiang, N. S. Pannu, R. J. Read, L. M. Rice, T. Simonson, D. E. Tronrud, L. F. Ten Eyck, V. S. Lamzin, A. Perrakis, K. S. Wilson, R. A. Laskowski, M. W. MacArthur, J. M. Thornton, P. J. Kraulis, D. C. Richardson, J. S. Richardson, W. Kabsch and G. M. Sheldrick
• Chapter 7.1. Comparison of X-ray detectors, by S. M. Gruner, E. F. Eikenberry and M. W. Tate
• Chapter 8.1. Synchrotron-radiation instrumentation, methods and scientific utilization, by J. R. Helliwell