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International
Tables for Crystallography Volume F Crystallography of biological molecules Edited by M. G. Rossmann and E. Arnold © International Union of Crystallography 2006 |
International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. F. ch. 8.1, p. 165
Section 8.1.8.2. Small crystals
aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, England |
Compensating for small crystal sample volume by increasing the intensity at the sample has been of major interest from the outset, and tests have shown that the use of micron-sized samples is feasible (Hedman et al., 1985![[link]](/graphics/greenarr.gif)
). Third-generation high-brilliance sources are optimized for this application via micron-sized focal spot beams, as described in the ESRF Foundation Phase Report (1987). Applications of the ESRF microfocus beamline include the determination of the structure of the bacteriorhodopsin crystal at high resolution from micro-crystals (Pebay-Peyroula et al., 1997). Experiments using extremely thin plates involving only 1000 protein molecular layers are described by Mayans & Wilmanns (1999) on the BW7B wiggler beamline at DESY, Hamburg. A review of small crystals and SR, including tabulated sample scattering efficiencies, can be found in Helliwell (1992), pp. 410–414.
References
ESRF Foundation Phase Report (1987). Grenoble: ESRF.Google Scholar
Hedman, B., Hodgson, K. O., Helliwell, J. R., Liddington, R. & Papiz, M. Z. (1985). Protein micro-crystal diffraction and the effects of radiation damage with ultra high flux synchrotron radiation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 7604–7607.Google Scholar
Helliwell, J. R. (1992). Macromolecular crystallography with synchrotron radiation. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mayans, O. & Wilmanns, M. (1999). X-ray analysis of protein crystals with thin-plate morphology. J. Synchrotron Rad. 6, 1016–1020.Google Scholar
Pebay-Peyroula, E., Rummel, G., Rosenbusch, J. P. & Landau, E. M. (1997). X-ray structure of bacteriorhodopsin at 2.5 Å from microcrystals grown in lipidic cubic phases. Science, 277, 1676–1681.Google Scholar
