International Tables for Crystallography

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The physics of diffraction from powders
P. W. Stephens. International Tables for Crystallography (2019). Vol. H, ch. 3.2, pp. 252-262  [ doi:10.1107/97809553602060000947 ]

Abstract

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction are extremely powerful and widely used techniques for structural analysis. One of the greatest strengths of diffraction as an analytical technique is that the signal can be modelled exactly for precise comparison with measurement; unlike techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance or infrared spectroscopy, interpretation does not depend on the assignment of features. This chapter develops the formalism of powder-diffraction analysis from idealized samples, and then discusses how the various differences between real and idealized samples influence the measured signal from a powder-diffraction experiment. This is done with the aim of helping the experimenter to avoid or minimize such confounding influences, as well as deal with them in real-world data.


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About International Tables for Crystallography

International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography. The multi-volume series comprises articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials.