International Tables for Crystallography

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Selected applications of Rietveld analysis in the aluminium industry
F. R. Feret. International Tables for Crystallography (2019). Vol. H, ch. 7.6, pp. 782-792  [ doi:10.1107/97809553602060000980 ]

Abstract

In the last few decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems have been indispensable in controlling bauxite exploration, as well as the Bayer and reduction processes. XRD quantitative phase analysis in the aluminium industry has witnessed a steady deployment of the Rietveld method, which has progressively replaced existing methodologies in research and plant laboratories. Rietveld analysis has not only helped to surpass traditional XRD calibration methods, it has also opened the door for new applications previously not possible. The use of the Rietveld method to characterize selected materials unique to the aluminium industry, such as bauxite, red mud, alumina, electrolytic bath, spent potlining and dross, is demonstrated and discussed. Examples of phase quantification in these materials of various origins and phase composition, as well as the corresponding methods of sample preparation, are given. As a primary and universal method for determination of the phase composition in various industry materials, the Rietveld-XRD method has much advanced existing methodology. Despite clear advantages, the Rietveld method also has limitations, which are also discussed.


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About International Tables for Crystallography

International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography. The multi-volume series comprises articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials.