|
International
Tables for Crystallography Volume D Physical properties of crystals Edited by A. Authier © International Union of Crystallography 2006 |
International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. D. ch. 1.4, p. 103
Section 1.4.3.4.1. Inductance changes (pushrod dilatometry)
a
Institut für Geowissenshaften, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany |
With this method, the expansion of the crystal is transmitted out of the cooled or heated region to an external measuring device by a rod made of a reference material whose thermal expansion is low and well known (usually silica glass) (cf. Gaal, 1998![[link]](/graphics/greenarr.gif)
). If this rod is inside a tube of the same material (silica glass), and the specimen is inside as well, then the difference in expansion between the crystal and an equal length of the reference material is measured. Above 1100 K, instead of silica glass, high-purity alumina or single-crystal sapphire or tungsten rods are used.
To measure the displacement of the rods, several techniques are used. The most important are:
Temperature gradients in the rod and the tube can lead to severe complications. For every determination, the system should be calibrated by certified materials (White, 1998), such as α-Al2O3, Cu, Pt, fused silica, Si, W, Mg or Mo.
References
Gaal, P. S. (1998). Pushrod dilatometers. In Thermal expansion of solids, edited by C. Y. Ho, ch. 5. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International.Google Scholar
White, G. K. (1998). Thermal expansion reference materials. In Thermal expansion of solids, edited by C. Y. Ho, ch. 11. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International.Google Scholar
